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Blog

Olympic Lift Neurological Approach

Taking a Neurological Approach to Peak Performance with Stewart Venable

Blog, Freelap Friday Five| ByStewart Venable, ByKim Goss

Olympic Lift Neurological Approach

Saying that Stewart Venable has a unique background as a strength coach would be an understatement. Throughout his career, Venable has coached inmates, soldiers in the military, high school and college athletes, and the general population in the private sector. Venable has extensive knowledge of all things Iron Game, but his knowledge of applied neurology elevates his programs to the next level.

As an athlete, Coach Venable’s early athletic pursuits included martial arts and weight training. Because his high school didn’t allow non-athletes to use the weight room, his mother bought him a Sears and Roebuck weight bench and barbell set so he could lift at home. He went on to box at the amateur level, retiring undefeated, and competed at a high level in powerlifting and weightlifting.

Venable learned from many elite weightlifting and strength coaches. Among his mentors were Boris Urman, a former USSR Weightlifting Team athlete, and Tom Cross, a former strength coach at MidAmerica Nazarene University in Olathe, Kansas. He also achieved the NSCA’s Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist credentials and became a Level 2 USA Weightlifting Coach.

While employed by the Department of Justice, Venable worked with inmates at the United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth, Kansas. This facility incarcerated many notable criminals, including Al Capone, Machine Gun Kelly, and the Birdman of Alcatraz. Venable designed and supervised performance-enhancement programs for inmates and taught a class to get them certified as personal trainers. His subsequent career path led him into the private sector, followed by the high school and college educational environment.

In 2007, Venable opened the second CrossFit affiliate box in Kansas. The following year, he began coaching at Immaculata Catholic High School in Leavenworth, Kansas. In 2009, he became an Assistant Coach at Mid-America Nazarene University. Currently, Venable is a physical education teacher and the Head Strength and Conditioning Coach for North Star High School in Lincoln, Nebraska.

Among Coach Venable’s strongest attributes is his ability to motivate athletes to “train with brain” using applied neurology. Let’s take a closer look.

Venable Mentors
Image 1: Coach Stewart Venable with two of his mentors, weightlifting coach Boris Urman (lt) and strength coach Tom Cross (rt).

Freelap USA: Why is neurological training important?

Stewart Venable: If optimal training is your goal, you must recognize that the brain is king, controlling every system of the body. It follows that a “holistic” approach to training incorporates all the body’s systems, not just the muscular.

Neurology follows a hierarchy. The visual system is number one, as about 70 percent of the information the body takes in about the environment comes from the eyes. The brain processes that information and sends messages about what it wants the body to do. The vestibular system, which is your balance, is number two. The proprioceptive system, which is the body’s ability to know where it is in space, is number three. That hierarchical order is 1,2,3. I present it to the kids as 3,2,1.

Neurology follows a hierarchy. The visual system is number one, as about 70 percent of the information the body takes in about the environment comes from the eyes, says @CoachVenable1. Share on X

I prioritize the systems in reverse order because proprioception is the most accessible, being the furthest from the brain and easiest to train. For example, I might have my students perform small foot drills before squatting to wake up the receptors in the feet and see if that improves the squat. The other systems are closer to the brain, particularly the eyes. They have the most high-intensity impact, so you must be careful to apply stimulus in small doses.

Reflexive Performance Reset (RPR) got me the most buy-in at my current school, followed by Square 1 and Total Motion Release (TMR). I had a lot of success with these neurological methods in helping athletes achieve lifting PRs and reduce or eliminate pain. For example, I used RPR on a wrestler for balance and mobility; Square 1 on the principal’s daughter (a volleyball player) for her knee; and total motion release on a football player for his back.

When other kids see these results, they ask what type of magic I’m doing. I explain it’s not voodoo or magic—it’s neurology. Once the kids buy in, I don’t get any pushback from the coaches, parents, or the administration. Of course, a small group of student-athletes just wanted to lift and not do anything else, but most kids were interested in this training.


Video 1: Applied neurology stimulates the body’s visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. This video shows a single-leg balance exercise with head movement, followed by knee circles and skin stimulation.

Freelap USA: How do you incorporate neurological training into a weekly workout, and what general advice would you give high school coaches in applying these methods?

Stewart Venable: I met Dan Fichter, my primary neuro mentor, at functional neurologist Mat Boulé’s Institute of Innovation and Performance Course in 2021. Fichter told me implementing neuro training into your warm-up is the easiest way to start using functional neurology. He also said it doesn’t matter when you do it—what matters is that it’s somehow woven into your training, because 99 percent of the coaches don’t do it at all.

@WGF1 told me implementing neuro training into a warm-up is the easiest way to start using functional neurology—and what matters is that it’s somehow woven into your training, because 99% of coaches don't do it at all, says… Share on X

Our daily program is divided into three training blocks. In each block, I focus on one of the three major systems and breathwork, which is especially important for athletes. As for my advice to coaches, those who want to teach applied neurology should be very particular about their choice of school’s to work in. Let me explain.

I work in a public high school and cannot control which students enroll in my weight training classes. My high school has about 2,200 students, and about 400 participate in school sports. Only about 30 percent of my students in my classes are student-athletes, while about 70 percent may not have signed up for or even desire to train—they were placed in a weight training class because there was an open spot to fill, and the administration was obligated to put them somewhere.

I have colleagues who teach at smaller or private schools, and they have more input regarding students’ placements in their weight training classes. I have some close friends in Nebraska who only have athletes in their weight training classes.


Video 2: Applied neurology can create improvements in balance and coordination. The immediate performance benefits of an infinity walk and bilateral alternating hand pronation/supination are shown.

Freelap USA: What special strategies do you use to keep things running smoothly in your classes that contain athletes and non-athletes?

Stewart: The progression and regression of exercises and training intensity for the students is based on physical ability and effort, not whether they play a sport. We might start with a body weight squat, and once the student is competent, progress to a goblet squat. Some students never progress beyond the goblet squat, while others progress to front squats, back squats, and overhead squats, all in the same semester. You could walk into any of my classes and see four or five variations of a squat, row, or press exercise my students do based on their physical ability.

Venable Family
Image 2: Coach Venable with daughter Faith and wife Shelli.

Freelap USA: You worked in correctional facilities. What are some misconceptions about exercise in those facilities, and did you develop any unique coaching methods from working with inmates that also work with athletes?

Stewart Venable: Outside of military soldiers, inmates were the hardest training individuals I have ever coached. You might ask, “If you’re incarnated for 20 or 40 years, why are you working out so hard?” The answer is that, as with soldiers, their safety is at stake because it’s always life or death if they go into battle—they must always be ready. In contrast, most 17-year-old kids are not worried about life-or-death encounters because they think they’re immortal.

Outside of military soldiers, inmates were the hardest training individuals I have ever coached—as with soldiers, their safety is at stake because it’s always life or death if they go into battle, says @CoachVenable1. Share on X

I wouldn’t say I developed any special coaching methods, but I learned some valuable lessons. First, getting buy-in to your program is easier when the people you’re training have skin in the game. Finding a connection between what you do and what they want for themselves is imperative.

Next, I found that everybody wants to look like “that guy” or “that girl.” They don’t want just to be a physical specimen; they want to look like a physical specimen! Your training needs to have some “candy” sprinkled in, or they’ll go elsewhere. To work arms and chest, high school students will join Planet Fitness, college students will sneak over to campus recreational centers, and inmates will hang trash bags full of water off a mop or broom handle.

Finally, I learned that respect is a two-way street—you must give respect to get respect. In the ’80s and some of the ’90s, if you told a kid to do something, it was “Yes, Coach!” You could yell at them, run the crap out of them, skip water breaks, and so on. If you disrespect an inmate by talking recklessly or trying to humiliate them, you’ll get assaulted or stabbed. If you don’t treat a convicted felon that way, treating your athletes that way doesn’t make sense either.

Freelap USA: Since you began coaching, what problems have you seen in the strength coaching profession?

Stewart Venable: There are education issues in our profession. I coached at a high school in Nebraska that had an elite velocity-based training system involving tracking cameras attached to each of its 15 power racks. The equipment was donated by a former student who developed it, which is fortunate because the cost was ridiculous. Unfortunately, no one knew how to use it. I showed them how to use it, but they became so obsessed with moving barbells fast that their technique suffered.

I’m 62. Getting information about strength and conditioning took a lot of work when I started lifting. I had to wait for Iron Man, Strength and Health, and Muscular Development magazines. Today, there is an overload of information, and it’s often difficult for coaches to filter it and determine what is good versus what is not.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


Curved Sprint Training

Curved Sprint Training: The Key to Unlocking Game Speed

Blog| ByTim Cortazzo

Curved Sprint Training

When designing a comprehensive speed program for athletes, the most important question to ask yourself is “will this help bridge the gap from training to sport?” Using specific training modalities to jump higher and run faster are important—athletes need to train for positive adaptations—but if those positive adaptations are not showing up in competition when it matters most, then you are missing the point of an effective training program.

At FSQ Sports Training, a private training facility in a rural town just outside of Pittsburgh, PA, my coaching staff and I work with over 1,000 different athletes each year, ranging from professionals to youth league players (including over 20 teams throughout the year). Football, baseball, basketball, soccer, competitive cheerleading: you name the sport, there’s a good chance we train it! And for 10+ years, we have been utilizing curved sprinting in our program with every single one of our athletes.

When SimpliFaster reached out to me to put this project together, I did a Google search on “Curvilinear Sprinting” to see what was out there. I could not believe the lack of resources regarding how to implement and progress curved sprinting. There is a massive surplus of information regarding straight-line speed and change of direction. But if coaches are only focusing on straight-line speed OR change of direction, are we fully preparing athletes for sport?

Athletes need to train more than perfect straight lines. Movement is not black or white, there is a ton of gray area, and curved sprinting variations help cover everything in between those straight lines. Athletes need to TRAIN THE PLANES!

Athletes need to train more than perfect straight lines. Movement is not black or white, there is a ton of gray area, and curved sprinting variations help cover everything in between those straight lines, says @T_Cortazzo. Share on X

“But Tim, the shortest distance from Point A to Point B is a straight line!” Correct. Now imagine a 400m race in the Olympics, but the track is square instead of rounded. The racers fly through the straight-away, only to slow down and come to a complete stop at the corner of the square track. They re-accelerate down the next straightaway, come to a complete stop again at the next corner…and this is without any impediments on the track! Not only would this race be slower, but the amount of energy exerted would be significantly higher. Athletes are problem-solvers—they adapt in real time, quickly searching for the most efficient way to accomplish the task. The athletes who do this the best in their sport have what we call “game speed.” And curved sprinting is one of the keys that help unlock game speed.


Video 1. Examples of curved sprints from a range of different sports. 

“Specificity” Matters

Before I go into more detail regarding how we program curved sprints, I need to touch on the SAID Principle. The human body’s response to physical activity will be specific to the type of activity performed. Let’s say that your athletes spend all off-season pulling sleds and testing fly times: they will most likely improve their acceleration and top-end speed. But if that is ALL you program, you are creating faster, single-plane robots.

I am not advocating for throwing resisted sprints and flys out the window, we use them consistently year-round—but, athletes need a broader range of tools to be more effective in their sport. So, if athletes sprint in curved patterns in their sport, coaches need to include that aspect as part of their training programs to better prepare their athletes for the rigors of competition.

“Speed is the tide that lifts all boats.” — Tony Holler.

I agree with Coach Holler 100%. And I am sure he would agree with me that those same boats are sinking if the athletes can’t harness and use their newfound speed to their advantage in competition.

If athletes sprint in curved patterns in their sport, coaches need to include that aspect as part of their training programs to better prepare their athletes for the rigors of competition, says @T_Cortazzo. Share on X

Implementing Curved Sprints

Here is exactly what we do with our athletes—we implement curved sprinting the same way we implement linear sprinting and change of direction. We keep it simple and progressive! We start with lower intensities at lower volume—and the best place to get lower intensity and lower volume work is in the warm-up.

The goal of any warm-up should be to gradually prepare the body for higher intensities. So, if the sport requires high-intensity curved sprinting, I think there is a ton of value in establishing movements and positions at lower intensities prior to competing. The idea is no different than warming up with an unloaded or lighter barbell for squat or bench, or using certain exercises like a skip to prepare the athlete for sprinting at high velocities. When starting off-season training, we immediately add curved-sprint warm-up variations and continue to revisit them year-round.


Video 2. Warm-up variations that prepare athletes for curved sprinting and “using their edges.”

We like to begin incorporating curves into our warm-ups with forward and backward “Snake Runs,” “Figure 8s,” and “Crop Circles.” We also love the idea of using multi-directional, single-leg hops to begin to acclimate the athlete to using their edges and dealing with forces both medially and laterally. Emphasis should be placed on getting comfortable with leaning at different angles and using the inside and outside edges of the feet. Programming this in our warm-up is preparation for higher intensity and added volume down the road.

Progressing Curved Sprints – Smaller Radii

The smaller the circle, the smaller the radius. Smaller radius curves will decrease the speed of the drill relative to an athlete’s max velocity. However, small-radius curved sprints will require more bend and lean, and that will create more intense ranges of motion for the athlete’s feet, ankles, knees, and hips to operate. If your athletes are new to drills involving curved sprinting, this may be uncomfortable. Hence, the need to first implement these exercises with closed, pre-determined drills at lower speeds and lower volumes, like I recommended doing with warm-ups.

Small-radius curved sprints will require more bend and lean, and that will create more intense ranges of motion for the athlete’s feet, ankles, knees, and hips to operate, says @T_Cortazzo. Share on X

We start early in the off-season training program and progress with added intensity and added volume as the rest of the program progresses—just keep in mind the overall daily and weekly volumes of straight-line sprinting, changing direction, and curved sprinting.

Performing closed drills allows each athlete to get comfortable with how fast they can sprint and how much they can lean. This also gives the athlete the opportunity to experiment with controlling when to speed up and when to slow down. Ultimately, that is where game speed is so critical. The more comfortable the athlete is while leaning at a diverse range of angles—and the more they understand when they can speed up and when they need to slow down—the more effective the athlete can be moving in space in their sport.


Video 3. Athletes performing a range of sprint drills and races on curves with smaller radii. 

Progressing Curved Sprints – Larger Radii

The larger the circle, the larger the radius. Broader curves (larger radius) will increase the intensity due to a higher velocity of the drill. With larger radius sprints, less bend and lean will be required. Less bend and lean will allow the athletes to more easily gain speed as they sprint the path, and they will only need to slow down if the path deviates into a different direction or tighter curve.

The bigger the radius, the more closely it will be associated with a straight-line sprint. In our speed program, as we progress the athletes’ linear sprinting out to longer distances and faster velocities, we also progress their curved sprinting to longer distances and faster velocities progress in tandem.


Video 4. Athletes who have progressed to longer curved sprints with broader curves. 

We use a ton of different variations for both larger and smaller radii curved sprints. Some of the drills involve accelerating into and throughout the entire curve; other drills involve sprinting in a straight line and increasing to a faster velocity before then slowing down into a curve. We also love the idea of redirecting and changing direction completely while in the middle of a curve.

I highly recommend adding in competition, which will instantly increase the intensity of the drill. We consistently put our athletes into situations where they can race and chase each other, says @T_Cortazzo. Share on X

I highly recommend adding in competition, which will instantly increase the intensity of the drill. We consistently put our athletes into situations where they can race and chase each other. Opportunities are endless with curved sprinting. Taking the sport into consideration also influences the types of drills that we use. For example, if working with a football team, we recreate the tighter curves of a defensive end rushing the quarterback, a wide receiver running a Speed Out, or a running back running a sweep. Every single athlete on the team benefits from sprinting curves at multiple angles and radii.

In curved sprinting, the size of the circle makes a radiical difference (I have two kids—I can make a radii dad joke if I want).

Final Progression – “Open” Drills

Use closed drills to acquire or improve a skill…then use open drills to enhance the improved skill. People talk all the time about certain skills being “Second Nature.” Tying your shoes, writing, brushing your teeth. If you’re reading this, I hope that all of you feel that these skills are “second nature.” Well, if you have kids, you realize that none of those skills are second nature at first. Those skills are things that my 5- and 3-year-olds work on improving every single day. And then suddenly, one day, these skills seem to work on autopilot. Developing athletic skills works the same!

Using closed drills to help with posture, body positioning, foot positioning, etc. will help athletes acquire new skills or help improve skills (obviously dependent on the legitimacy of the modalities being used and the expertise of the coaching involved). Closed drills slow everything down and allow the athlete to feel what they are doing and focus specifically on one thing; and, regardless of how naturally gifted each athlete is, there is merit to everyone using closed drills. Professional athletes use closed drills in training and practice every single day.

Adding in open drills is where the real magic happens. It’s where you see those improved skills that you drilled repeatedly come to life, says @T_Cortazzo. Share on X


Video 5. Open drill variations and games that promote curved sprinting actions.

Adding in open drills is where the real magic happens. It’s where you see those improved skills that you drilled repeatedly come to life! Open drills can be both general and sport-specific. We love to use fun, general “Tag”-based games like Sharks & Minnows and Capture the Flag. We also tailor drills to the sport team we are working with. Our football teams play a ton of “Goal-Line Tag,” where an offensive player tries to score a touchdown on a defensive player without getting two-hand touched. Our basketball teams use open drills involving playing offense or defense around the 3-point arc. We have a wide variety of variations that emphasize larger radii or smaller radii curved sprinting.

Final Thoughts

Curved sprinting is an absolute must for reducing the risk of injury in healthy athletes and for return to play purposes with previously-injured athletes. The forces and stress of sprinting and changing direction can only be created by sprinting and changing direction. The same rules apply for curved sprinting. Return to play situations should be programmed with the exact same progression discussed in this article: start with low intensities and low volumes by adding various curves into the warm-up. Then, progress to longer distances, faster velocities, higher intensities, and higher volumes.

Finding a way to test for improvement is also an absolute must. There really is no perfect way to test progress for curved sprinting, simply because there are so many variations that are possible. And, like all testing, the question becomes whether the athlete is getting better at the test or are they improving an attribute? It’s perfectly fine to come up with your own creative test regarding curved sprinting, just make sure it’s repeatable. I like the idea of using timing gates and sprinting one of the painted curved lines on the field/court: it’s easy to recreate without having to perfectly measure out radius, angles, distance, and so on.

Make sure to check out the videos above to see how we utilize curved sprinting in our programs! If you are looking for more information regarding curved cprinting or anything else related to Athletic Performance, please give me a follow on social media @T_Cortazzo or send me an email [email protected]. You can also join my newsletter at the link here—I talk about simple, practical, applicable ways to help your athletes run faster, jump higher, and get stronger. Would love to see you there.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


The Connection Tony Villani SHREDmill

The Connection—Episode #1 Featuring Tony Villani of SHREDmill: “Get Fast, Fast”

Blog, Podcast| ByNathan Huffstutter, ByTony Villani

The Connection Tony Villani SHREDmill

“We call it get fast, fast—in six weeks, their team is so much faster.”

Simplicity. Speed. Fittingly, Tony Villani—founder of SHREDmill and XPE Sports—joins SimpliFaster’s Nate Huffstutter to kick off the debut episode of our new interview series, The Connection. Keeping it simple, keeping it fast. Behind the scenes at SF, we have opportunities to participate in get-to-know-you and educational meetings with the founders and key stakeholders for products in our store—recognizing how much we learn in those low-key sessions, we decided to replicate the same casual, straight from the horse’s mouth experience for our readers.

Recurring troubleshooting tips? Common misconceptions? Best practices, underused features, and the latest innovations? The Connection has it covered. More questions of your own? Just ask.


Connection Short Take #1: Tony Villani touching on the SHREDmill Gear system.

“The patented magnetic resistance system is kind of magically built to acceleration-profile you at 50-65% of your maximum speed, which has now come out to be the number one metric for force production,” Villani says. “You always start an initial run—or you hope you do—with power and force. In 3-5 steps, you’re going to get to 70% of your max speed.”

You always start an initial run—or you hope you do—with power and force. In 3-5 steps on @SHREDmillSpeed, you’re going to get to 70% of your max speed, says @Tony_Villani_. Share on X


The Connection Episode #1. Watch the full episode with SHREDmill founder Tony Villani.

Where Villani sees SHREDmill as a game-changer is in training game speed—a principal focus for him as an elite performance coach, similar to peers like Les Spellman who targets creating separation in his speed model and Chris Korfist, who prioritizes the opening steps and shapes of acceleration. Considering the connection to game performance, some coaches may see athletes  gripping the handrails and accelerating on the SHREDmill and question the transferability to game speed. Villani, however, explains how that perceived negative is actually a positive in terms of isolating a key quality that can be hard to replicate otherwise.

“This is holding them in the exact angle we want them to exit. And it’s hammering home that 45-55 degree body lean and it’s letting them concentrate on leg power to get there.”


Connection Short Take #2: Tony Villani on pairing exercises with SHREDmill in the weight room.

“Do you like deadlifts, do you like cleans, do you like box jumps, do you like broad jumps, do you like squats—what do you like to do for force production? When you pair the weight room exercise with the exit velocity exercise at 3-5 steps, you’re getting the athlete’s brain and body to learn what they’re trying to do and it gives you a huge effect.”

When you pair the weight room exercise with the exit velocity exercise at 3-5 steps, you’re getting the athlete's brain and body to learn what they’re trying to do and it gives you a huge effect, says @Tony_Villani_. Share on X

For more on using SHREDmill in performance training, read:

  • David Neill on teaching speed technique and making speed gains in a high school program.
  • Mark Hoover on using SHREDmill in circuits with large groups.
  • Rob Assise’s review on features, functions, and methods in the private sector.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


Force Plater Buyers

A Physical Therapist’s Guide for Buying Force Plates

Blog, Buyer's Guide / ByVien Vu

Force Plater Buyers

As sport evolves, the line between scientific research and applied coaching becomes thinner and more blurred. Several decades ago, PTs and performance professionals might read the research on force plates and then draw conclusions based on the results of a study. In the 2010s, some coaches were using force analysis with their athletes, but that was still a rarity. Now, high schools, smaller colleges, and small private facilities are capable of force analysis thanks to the increased accessibility of force plates and simplified software.

Throughout the years, rehab professionals and coaches have asked important questions as they strive to optimize athletic performance and decrease injury risk:

  • Is my programming actually improving my athletes’ power?
  • Are my athletes producing enough force and do they have sufficient symmetry to return to sport safely?
  • Are my athletes getting fatigued from their practice, sport, or lift?
  • Are my athletes developing strength and power over time?
  • How can I answer these questions in the least time possible?

Force plates may aid coaches in answering these questions. In this Buyer’s Guide, the promise is direct: I’ll outline important considerations for making decisions on buying a set or multiple sets of force plates. I’ll also list the commonly advertised systems for coaches, and which are used more for research.

What Are Force Plates and Why the Rise in Popularity?

Force plates are force measuring platforms that help users answer questions about force production through varied movements and hundreds of different metrics.

Force plates have existed in labs and research settings for decades, but have become more popular due to companies developing user-friendly software, portable units, practical user-guides, and dropping the cost, says @MuyVienDPT. Share on X
Questions Buying Force Plates
Figure 1. Unique ways force plates can be used to answer practical questions.

Force plates have existed in laboratories and research settings for decades, but have become more popular due to companies developing user-friendly software, portable units, practical user-guides, and dropping the cost over the years.

Contact mats and camera-based jump apps can give reliable jump height, ground contact time, and flight times; force plates, however, can give more versatile and accurate data.1,2 These metrics include force symmetry, center of pressures, displacements, magnitudes, velocities, and rate of development at different phases of the movements. Additionally, they can provide force data beyond just jumps. For example, they can give force metrics during squatting tasks, isometric tasks, and even measures relevant to balance such as center of pressure excursion and velocity of excursion (figure 2).

Measurement Comparison Jump Tech
Figure 2. Jump measurement technology comparisons.

What Are the Standard Features?

In regards to hardware, all force plates are pretty similar in regards to load capacity, platform weight, Bluetooth, battery life, accuracy, and testing process. Essentially, the force plate provides information relative to the bodyweight of the person being tested. Because the forces are relative to bodyweight, all test sessions begin with a “weighing” or “quiet stand” phase where the system weighs the athlete alone or with load. A small sway of movement during these phases can produce large errors in the data due to magnification of the forces in calculating metrics of interest. Once users complete the weighting phase, the user then performs a pre-selected task, which gets measured by the load cell and converted to meaningful data (figure 3).

Where each company’s force plates differ are the nuances in their software during the testing portion as well as the reporting capabilities. For example, Kinvent and VALD have the athlete weigh once and then perform selected tests and reps, whereas Hawkin Dynamics requires a weighing period each rep. Another example of nuance is that VALD and Hawkin Dynamics allow for certain reps to be deleted if desired, whereas Kinvent only allows an entire session to be deleted. Regarding such deletions, Hawkin Dynamics and VALD allow the reps to be deleted during data collection, whereas Kinvent only allows session deletion after the testing session is completed; VALD does not allow for deletion of sessions unless you email their support or through the desktop-app. Luckily, all the softwares get updated frequently to reflect consumer preferences.

Force Plate Conversion
Figure 3. Force plate physical load to data conversion process.

Despite all hardware being comparable, and the overall process from movement to data is the same, users should not compare the metrics between different companies. In 2022, Merrigan et al showed that there were differences in both force and power metrics between different companies.3 This is due to different algorithms that process the data to identify when a movement begins and ends, and also how the data and noise are filtered (figure 4). Lastly, some phases are labeled differently between companies; still, however, the reason for different data is still largely due to software filtering and algorithms (figure 5).

Despite the hardware being comparable, users should not compare the metrics between different companies—this is due to different algorithms that identify when a movement begins and ends and also how the data and noise are filtered. Share on X

Force Plate Software Comparison
Figure 4. Analysis comparison between different software (data from Merrigan et al, 2022)

Software Nomenclature
Figure 5. Nomenclature between different software (from Merrigan et al, 2022).

Who Are Force Plates For?

Performance specialists are starting to play a bigger role in team performance, and most of the buyers of force plates are strength coaches. As the idea of a High Performance team is becoming popular, the popularity of force plates has been trickling down to the rehab world to both better understand their peers and also discover new ways to utilize the data for rehab. Evidence supports the utility of force plate-derived metrics in multiple scenarios for performance and rehabilitation. Although jump height and reactive strength index can be collected from jump mats, force values may be more sensitive and have better utility in performance and rehab.

As the idea of a High Performance team is becoming popular, the popularity of force plates has been trickling down to the rehab world to both better understand their peers and also discover new ways to utilize the data for rehab. Share on X

In the past, research has reported that force plates were not useful in injury and physical performance prediction.4,5 However, these were single force plate platforms looking at specific movements and metrics. Due to the improved accessibility of dual force plate systems, ongoing research is being performed to challenge these views.6 Therefore, practitioners should be cautious in claims that force plates can predict physical performance and injury; however below are examples of how practitioners can apply current research to their practice.

Practical examples include:

  • Tactical athletes: Counter-movement jump and loaded counter-movement jump metrics can be compared between individuals to see if there are individuals who may not perform “normal” under load. The load used may benefit from being standardized enough to reduce the variability of a jump, yet specific enough to mimic the weight and asymmetry of their occupational loads.7
  • High school and college athletes: Specific concentric and eccentric metrics may be used to profile athletes to identify where they can develop. Additionally, position groups can be developed to better understand who may benefit from different programming. Phase duration metrics may also monitor fatigue to see if individuals have still not recovered from a game or practice. Practitioners should use descriptive statistics such as standard deviation or references norms to identify if changes are significant or just normal variance.8,9,10
  • Rehab: Asymmetry metrics throughout different jump phases may be observed after injuries. Providers can determine if individuals’ motor plan of limb use is consistent with “normal” timelines, and if absolute concentric measures have returned to those similar to healthy controls. Practitioners should be aware of coefficient of variability of movements and phases of movements, as the traditional 10% asymmetry cut off may not be a valid threshold based on different error. 11,12

Every practitioner should know their limits as to how much sports science they can manage in their craft, as the added information they know may not help manage problems in front of them. A sports scientist is an advisor or a resource, and has to compromise their knowledge of biology to the constraints of team and Olympic sport, whereas researchers, data scientists, and biostatisticians have a higher level or understanding on data quality, methodology, and analysis. The integration between art and science is improving, and sport scientists should be encouraged to reach out to researchers to truly unlock their data. It is also imperative that an organization meet with all stakeholders to determine if the investment is worth it and to determine what existing problems force plates may solve (figure 6).

Stakeholder Questions
Figure 6. Example of technology questionnaires for stakeholders.

What Are the Top Brands in the Portable Force Plate Market?

Below are key points about different force plate experiences; however, I recommend you narrow our list, then reach out to a company’s support to determine if the user experience works best for your operations. The most popular brands are more thoroughly compared in figure 7.

Hawkin Dynamic – HD G5

Hawkin is an ideal brand for those who want to use force plates and who would like advanced analytics for individuals and teams, but who may be uncomfortable exporting the data to manipulate and analyze themselves. They boast highly-customized and beautiful reports, along with the ability to export data and customize data exports. Their software and hardware have been validated against gold standard measurements, and they will not access user data unless there is a needed cause and consent. Hawkin have leasing options as well as outright ownership. Their software can be integrated with other hardware, and they have API capability.

VALD – ForceDecks

VALD boasts an effective hub that integrates their other devices into a seamless ecosystem, and is ideal for those who need a suite of measurement devices in addition to just force plates. Their customer support is extensive, accessible, and constantly producing excellent content for easy application. The VALD hub offers quality reporting and analyses; however, most users export the raw data and perform their own analysis. Their export options are excellent and easy to use. VALD accesses customer data primarily to generate age, sex, and sport specific norms, but users ultimately own their data and such data can be deleted upon request. Their software can be integrated with other hardware, and they have API capability.

Kinvent – K-Deltas

Kinvent offers superior training tools such as feedback training as well as customized games and modes to train force deficits. Their software was built for physical therapists, and the clinical setting is where they shine. All traditional performance metrics are available, but not all are visualized as a default; can pick what metrics are shown as default. While the workflow and visualizations are excellent for one-on-one sessions, the team experience is not as fluid as other brands. All data can be exported; the export file, however, is not as ideal as other brands. They do not access user data, and users can delete it upon request. Kinvent have a vast array of devices that uniquely integrate with each other, and their app is easy to navigate. They boast the highest hardware capability of the portable force plates. Although such level of precision is not currently needed, they often innovate and find ways to use the powerful hardware. Their app does not work with other hardware, but they have API compatible with AMS softwares such as Smartabase.

Meloq – EasyBase

Meloq is a Swedish company with a customer focus largely on rehabilitation providers. At the time of publishing this Buyer’s Guide, they had just released their force plates. The app seemingly provides the same features as other apps, including specific testing modes, individual reports, and data that is exportable. The company’s earlier products, such as a goniometer and handheld dynamometer, do not integrate with the app, which can be a pro and a con—pro in that it does not need an app or external device to operate the other devices, but con in that reports are unable to integrate findings across multiple devices. Their plates are unique in that they are roughly 10lbs per plate, yet have the load capacity for jumps and isometric tests.

Bertec

Bertec Corporation, an Ohio company, is one of the leaders in research and gait analysis. They offer many serious tools and have specific force plates made for jumping and running (instrumented treadmill). Bertec is more known for their hardware, as they really do a good job making sure the equipment is durable and designed to stand up to the most rigorous testing environments.

Kistler

This Swiss company provides force and torque measurements for applications outside of sport, but their force plate grew in popularity when some teams adopted their hardware from a third-party vendor. While their system is top of the line, their price points are not for small teams or colleges with limited budgets. We recommend Kistler only for serious research and for human locomotion—like cutting and running—but not for general jump analysis. The software available for Kistler is not known to be very coach-friendly, but when you invest in Kistler, you are mainly looking for hardware.

PASCO Scientific

PASCO options are inexpensive and several training organizations have them; however, you must know how to do some programming, leverage GitHub files, or have external software to calculate measurements outside of raw force changes. When purchasing PASCO products, be sure to double check-load capacities that can handle movements from your team.

AMTI

AMTI, located in Massachusetts, is a very industrial-driven company and committed to the general needs of human force and ergonomics—not just sport. Like Bertec, AMTI is a large company and has a history of working with international federations and researchers. The company’s strength is the hardware, and they are often the reference standard for others attempting to validate their hardware. Several professional teams use this force plate brand, but AMTI seems at a crossroads with providing products for institutions and sports medicine rather than directly for coaches.

Contemplas

The system from this German company is dry, but straightforward, and it simply performs well. Contemplas provides both hardware and as well as excellent software. One feature of their software is that it can be used with other force plates outside of its own ecosystem, and this is very useful because most native software options are done with limited budgets. The force plates are very thick, and while they are technically portable, they are better for moving easily between facilities than for airline travel.

CC Athletics – ForceMate

CC Athletics is a company based in Denmark that make an array of sensors. For their force plates, CC Athletics currently require no subscription. That absence of a subscription comes with trade-offs, such as fewer testing activities, fewer available metrics, laptop compatibility only (force plate must be wired with USB), and a wifi connection must be available. Most users may do fine with their force plates given those trade-offs. Their single software runs all their other sensors as well, and users can quickly switch between the sensors during testing. The data can be exported; however, they currently do not have API capability. They have validated their jump height against MyJump app, and are currently in the process of validating them against the AMTI force plates.

A few white-label products or added value companies exist, but are not listed here to avoid information overflow. Some smaller players are also not included because they may be lacking base hardware and software validity and reliability information.

Comparison Chart 3 Force Plates
Figure 7. Comparison of the top 3 most popular portable brands.

Final Considerations

I can predict that force plates will remain a mainstay in performance and rehab. Computer vision, wearable sensors, and barbell options can provide valuable insights, but coaches love the simplicity of a physical system that can get to the heart of what an athlete can do: produce large forces quickly into the ground. Across the board, hardware is sufficient and largely the same; the customer service and software capabilities, however, are the differentiators. Because the software is the highlight of force plates, users should feel confident in subscription-based pricing since their experience will improve largely due to the arms race in software updates.

Because the software is the highlight of force plates, users should feel confident in subscription-based pricing since their experience will improve largely due to the arms race in software updates, says @MuyVienDPT. Share on X

Ultimately, you can spend months calling and visiting coaches to see what is right for you, but the reality is that it’s only a good idea to buy force plates if you know your own operations and specific questions you would want to answer. Many people collect data for the sake of collecting data and staying “cutting-edge,”but the investment will only be worth it if you are willing to act on the data. Force plates are great for force management in training, not passive sideline observation of practices. In my opinion, both sports medicine and sports performance professionals should include force analysis as a metric for keeping athletes healthy or getting them back into health.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF



References

1. Buckthorpe M, Morris J, Folland JP. Validity of vertical jump measurement devices. J Sports Sci. 2012;30(1):63-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.624539. Epub 2011 Nov 23. PMID: 22111944.

2. Lake J, Mundy P, Comfort P, McMahon JJ, Suchomel TJ, Carden P. Concurrent Validity of a Portable Force Plate Using Vertical Jump Force-Time Characteristics. J Appl Biomech. 2018 Oct 1;34(5):410-413. doi: 10.1123/jab.2017-0371. Epub 2018 Oct 11. PMID: 29809100.

3. Merrigan JJ, Stone JD, Galster SM, Hagen JA. Analyzing Force-Time Curves: Comparison of Commercially Available Automated Software and Custom MATLAB Analyses. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Sep 1;36(9):2387-2402. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004275. Epub 2022 Jun 24. PMID: 35916879.

4. Scott WC, Hando BR, Butler CR, Mata JD, Bryant JF, Angadi SS. Force plate vertical jump scans are not a valid proxy for physical fitness in US special warfare trainees. Front Physiol. 2022 Nov 16;13:966970. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.966970. PMID: 36467678; PMCID: PMC9709481.

5. Hando BR, Scott WC, Bryant JF, Tchandja JN, Angadi SS. The Use of Force Plate Vertical Jump Scans to Identify Special Warfare Trainees at Risk for Musculoskeletal Injury: A Large Cohort Study. Am J Sports Med. 2022 May;50(6):1687-1694. doi: 10.1177/03635465221083672. Epub 2022 Apr 6. PMID: 35384740.

6. Bishop, Chris & Jordan, Matthew & Torres-Ronda, Lorena & Loturco, Irineu & Harry, John & Virgile, Adam & Mundy, Peter & Turner, Anthony & Comfort, Paul. (2022). Selecting Metrics That Matter: Comparing the Use of the Countermovement Jump for Performance Profiling, Neuromuscular Fatigue Monitoring, and Injury Rehabilitation Testing. Strength and Conditioning Journal. Publish Ahead of Print. 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000772.

7. Merrigan JJ, Stone JD, Martin JR, Hornsby WG, Galster SM, Hagen JA. Applying Force Plate Technology to Inform Human Performance Programming in Tactical Populations. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(14):6538. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146538

8. Cabarkapa D, Philipp NM, Cabarkapa DV, Fry AC. Position-specific differences in countermovement vertical jump force-time metrics in professional male basketball players. Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Jul 20;5:1218234. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1218234. PMID: 37547821; PMCID: PMC10398786.

9. Philipp NM, Cabarkapa D, Nijem RM, Fry AC. Changes in countermovement jump force-time characteristic in elite male basketball players: A season-long analyses. PLoS One. 2023 Sep 27;18(9):e0286581. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286581. PMID: 37756277; PMCID: PMC10529540.

10. Cabarkapa D, Cabarkapa DV, Philipp NM, Knezevic OM, Mirkov DM, Fry AC. Pre-Post Practice Changes in Countermovement Vertical Jump Force-Time Metrics in Professional Male Basketball Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Nov 1;37(11):e609-e612. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004608. PMID: 37883409.

11. Kotsifaki R, Sideris V, King E, Bahr R, Whiteley R. Performance and symmetry measures during vertical jump testing at return to sport after ACL reconstruction. Br J Sports Med. 2023 Oct;57(20):1304-1310. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106588. Epub 2023 Jun 1. PMID: 37263763.

12. Read PJ, Michael Auliffe S, Wilson MG, Graham-Smith P. Lower Limb Kinetic Asymmetries in Professional Soccer Players With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Nine Months Is Not Enough Time to Restore “Functional” Symmetry or Return to Performance. Am J Sports Med. 2020 May;48(6):1365-1373. doi: 10.1177/0363546520912218. Epub 2020 Apr 15. PMID: 32293904.

TFC Tony Holler Speed

Chaos Theories: Three Elusive Questions from TFC Chicago 2024

Blog| ByNathan Huffstutter

TFC Tony Holler Speed

Elmhurst University embodies tradition. Historic brick buildings dating as far back as the Reconstruction era, refined tree-lined walkways, and nostalgic classrooms with old school ceiling panel lights and periodic tables posted on the walls. In this rarefied air, the December 2024 running of the Track Football Consortium teetered on a fulcrum of convention and disruption.

Fitting—that’s also the pivot point of sport.

Well-drilled technical skills and tactical pattern recognition veering into bursts of dynamic how you like me now creativity. Discipline, preparation, and standards offset by the untamed will to throw caution to the wind and let it effing rip.

How do you know what to do in the moment? How do you know what impact that decision will make? When should you stay conservative and “fall to the level of your systems” and when do you burn the boats and go with your gut?

How do you know what impact your decisions will make? When should you stay conservative and *fall to the level of your systems* and when do you burn the boats and go with your gut? asks @CoachsVision. Share on X

Coaching is problem-solving and Problem #1 for those in attendance at TFC 2024 was choosing which speakers to see in the first place, with 18 presentations spread across six time blocks in three separate buildings. For me? Start with a well-thought-out plan and be prepared to audible.

I don’t mind admitting: very little went according to plan. And, like every other coach in attendance, due to the realities of time and space, I automatically missed twice as much as I saw… yet here I am, compiling takeaways and preparing to act based on a busted scheme and what is, from the outset, incomplete information.

Which may in fact be the meaning of it all.

Tradition and Disruption
Image 1. On the Elmhurst University campus, Les Spellman discusses the process of innovation through disruption while Brad Dixon declares “only dead fish go with the flow.”

Question #1. Are You Capable of Managing Uncertainty? Are You Sure?

“When you run, you do anything you can to seek a horizon.”

First—Orientation. Chris Korfist identifies this as the brain’s primal directive. In the chaos of an explosive sports action—before setting off an entire chain of events—you begin by creating order. Locate a horizon, then seek stability.

Korfist says that the fastest accelerators harness speed itself to create that stability—speed can be an organizing principle. Korfist now focuses intently on that moment when the foot first hits the ground, with an athlete’s ability to be the fastest in their first 3 steps a crucial differentiating skill (“how can we get more players to 6.0 m/s by step three?”). For everyone else, though, finding stability is what then leads to the next propulsive step forward.


Video 1. TFC co-founder Chris Korfist: “You go to where you’re strong.”

Les Spellman elaborated on this phenomenon in coaching terms—as a young coach, his first orienting step was an obsessive quest to learn everything about drills, everything about progressions, everything about applying technologies like GPS and 1080 Motion.

You go to where you’re strong.

Over time, Spellman has come to view his role as a coach more through the lens of his ability to solve problems, make better decisions, and manage uncertainty in order to create positive outcomes. He’s asking different questions. From a bold YES in response to being asked “can you make me faster?”…Spellman now asks questions that are far more open-ended.

Do I know what I need to know to help you play your sport better?

How can I help you stay healthy enough to perform consistently at a high level?

Over time, @les7spellman has come to view his role as a coach more through the lens of his ability to solve problems, make better decisions, and manage uncertainty in order to create positive outcomes. Share on X


Video 2. Les Spellman on the pyramid from data collection to wisdom.

Those complex questions require more than a knowledge of shin angles and plyo progressions and force-velocity curves. They require accurately identifying problems and dealing with information that will, by definition, be incomplete and filtered through biases. Those questions require a paradoxical willingness to boldly master uncertainty.

Importantly, though, Spellman’s pyramid is built from a base of data and information gathering, those first steps he pursued so diligently as a younger coach—can knowledge and wisdom exist without that early foundation? Can you truly be creative on the field and solve movement problems without laying those essential bricks of movement competency, speed, power, competitive will, and game understanding?

What is your mindset when complications arise? What strength do you fall back on to orient yourself? Is that position of strength helpful in that chaotic moment…or is that position now an anchor holding you back?


Video 3. Dan Casey paraphrases Bill Walsh: “Be bold. Remove the fear of change from your mind.”

Using Bill Walsh as his North Star, Dan Casey emphasized the importance of the hall-of-fame coach’s mantra to look for opportunity rather than ordeal when faced with a challenge. LFG or woe is me—you choose. Not only is that mindset crucial for problem-solving in general, but the very nature of addressing unexpected difficulties allows for unpredictable solutions—for unique opportunities—you would never have considered had everything continued along a smooth and steady course.

“Don’t complain about what you don’t have,” Casey said. “Identify what you do have and work with it.”

Question #2. Does Our Preparation Equip Us for Game-Defining Moments?

Absolutely! …right? I mean, we’re on the field, we’re in the weight room, we’re clocking sweat equity, we’re doing work.

Guided by…? Habit? Tradition? Limitations? Convenience? Killing time?

Brad Dixon Presentation
Image 2. Brad Dixon on training in his sprint-based football system with key concepts from Chris Korfist and Frans Bosch.

Brad Dixon dove into what was needed to not just develop faster and more explosive athletes, but which types of preparation would best equip his football players for the demands of the sport. In a game of collisions, can you manage that impact—that sudden and uncertain force—without give?

Dixon shared demos of “plate catches” learned from Dan Fichter, with players catching a falling bumper plate to learn how to manage gravity and load without folding; he shared altitude drops into different stances, preparing athletes for those game-defining moments of contact.


Video 4. “They have a 405lb squat but they can’t get out of their football stance”—Brad Dixon on athletes who can’t deal with slack in a system.


Video 5. Drops and catches to prepare the upper and lower body for game-relevant contact.

Early on in his Day 2 presentation, Spellman asked that very question—does our preparation equip us for game-defining moments? The unrelenting consequence of scaling up the pyramid towards wisdom is that instead of yes/no absolutes, questions tend to lead to follow-up questions and the next shifting unknown.

Does speed help us win games? Good question. What, then, is speed? Good question.


Video 6. Les Spellman on how he has come to redefine speed as it relates to team sports and the game-defining moment of creating separation and space.

Creating separation, closing space, attacking a gap…where do the first bricks in those foundations come from? Preparing for the chaos of sport does not mean to coach chaotically.

With upwards of 1200 student-athletes coming through his high school program, Adam Vogel broke down decision-tree modeling and the tiers, phases, and systems he has in place to develop stronger, faster, more explosive, and more resilient kids who participate in school and after school, in-season and out-of-season, across an entire range of sports and developmental levels, with total numbers that could create a sense of drowning in overwhelm.

Adam Vogel Decision Tree
Image 3. Adam Vogel starts with set tiers and phases, moving on to where decision trees and priorities shape next steps.

Within all of the structures and systems Vogel uses to give shape to what could otherwise be a chaotic influx of student-athletes, he still locates opportunities to individualize where he can by identifying the assets he has and working with them. That, and refusing to stay rooted in anything that’s not working.

“Find people that make you think differently,” Vogel advises.

Question #3. What Happens When the Roots of Your Coaching Tree Tangle with the Half-Life of Knowledge?

The Elmhurst campus wasn’t the lone bastion of tradition at the conference. Now over a dozen years in—boasting its largest ever in-person audience—TFC too has become a tradition, with recurring norms and self-referential cycles. Multiple speakers posted slides referring the “FTC Endless Feedback Loop”—these loops, these patterns, these recursions create stability in complex systems.

Endless Feedback Loop
Image 4. Tony Holler’s presentation touched on the competitive successes of past TFC speakers such as Mark Ellis, while multiple presenters touched on the FTC endless feedback loop.

Past attendees have become current speakers, delivering presentations that hinge on their own applications of TFC learnings; meanwhile, TFC’s original rebel talents quote and confirm each other’s work in ways that are now more an act of homage than revolution.

During one break between presentations, Tony Holler talked about how the next generation of Feed The Cats track coaches are better than he was, in no small part because they were early adopters and didn’t waste any steps slogging through the same years of old-school tradition.

Speed can be an organizing principle.


Video 7. The branches of Holler’s coaching and family trees intertwine, with his sons Alec and Quinn presenting on coaching hurdle technique and training key technical skills for the 4x100m relay including lane ownership and the Bang Step.

Oh, the kids these days.

Spellman touched a common nerve in his Day 2 presentation, getting nods of affirmation in-person and across social media when he talked about deciding to pause his internship program because all the younger coaches who applied came in so sure they knew everything already.


Video 8. “You go from high confidence early on…then get smacked in the mouth.”

You go to where you’re strong.

By voicing that common brush with personifications of the Dunning-Krueger effect, Spellman also unintentionally drew the lines of a new old-guard—those rebel talents now tasked with the challenge of shepherding in the next generation of coaches.

Closed systems collapse in on themselves—so, how do you branch out?

Dan Casey emphasized that well-beyond Bill Walsh’s innovations with the West Coast Offense and personal accolades as a coach, his greatest legacy could be found in the fulness of his coaching tree and the manner in which he devoted himself to helping his coordinators and assistants thrive and achieve greater success outside his program.


Video 9. Casey reflects on his personal evolution in terms of communicating with his assistants: “I thought I was holding everyone to a high standard, but what I was really doing was I was starting to get into a dangerous zone of criticizing people in almost a personal way.”

These coaching trees are filled with believers, and Spellman pointed out how our biases dictate the content of what we learn: “Once you develop a belief, you find what supports it.”

First—Orientation. You go to where you’re strong.

There is, however, a pivot point—Spellman discussed “the Half-Life of Knowledge,” asking “how long does it take for 50% of something to be proven untrue?” That tipping point, where what once appeared stable instead collapses under its weight.

“Respect the past without clinging to it,” Casey said, while being forthright about how he can look back at things he published with high confidence 7-8 years ago…but which he now has the wisdom to recognize as being entirely wrong.

What will be the half-life of the knowledge shared in Chicago? Chris Korfist admitted to committing FTC heresy with his prioritization of acceleration over max velocity, Spellman focused on game speed over pure linear mph, and the next branches of the TFC coaching tree will question, adapt, and in time reject some of what was once accepted as true.

Before that inevitable disruption, Tyler Germain closed out TFC 2024 with a presentation rooted in what he’d initially learned by attending TFC in 2019, prior to taking his first head coaching position. With Tony Holler nodding support from the front row, mentor and student, Germain touched on the essential source of community among track coaches: “There’s no defense in track and field. My success is not dependent on your failure.”

With @pntrack nodding support, mentor and student, @TrackCoachTG touched on the essential source of community among track coaches: *There’s no defense in track and field. My success is not dependent on your failure.* Share on X


Video 10. “It was driving me crazy, but I didn’t really know why until I met Tony and I was like, oh I get it now, this is why kids don’t want to come out for track.”

That unguardedness characterized Germain’s presentation—and the broader sense of community among TFC participants. Germain’s distillation of the FTC Endless Feedback Loop is to “keep training fun, relevant, and brief” and build momentum by prioritizing speed. Doing so, in just a handful of years, he has doubled the size of his school’s track program from ~70 to over 140 athletes (and knocked off a perennial state champion in the process).

Speed can be an organizing principle.

From a clinic in Chicago in 2019, five years later the Butterfly Effect is that a high school track program in Michigan has doubled in size. Unpredictable. Come 2029? “Chaos” was defined by Edward Lorenz as when the present determines the future, but the approximate present does not approximately determine the future. The future, then, will be determined by the management of that uncertainty.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


Peaking Athletes

Perfecting the Taper to Peak at the Right Time

Blog| ByDillon Martinez

Peaking Athletes

Thunder cracked as we reached the summit of Longs Peak. After the grueling 7-mile ascent, with its 5,100-foot elevation gain, we arrived just as the daily storm rolled in. No matter the season, storms are a constant threat in the Rocky Mountains and this July day was no exception. Anyone familiar with mountainous terrain understands that the summit during a thunderstorm is the last place you want to be—the mountains teach harsh lessons about properly timing your ascent and peak. Whether we started too late or maintained too slow a pace became irrelevant: we had peaked at the wrong time.

I have always been in the mountains. Born in Greeley, Colorado—as my Dad was finishing his doctorate at the University of Northern Colorado—I’ve kept a connection to those high peaks that runs deep. Despite years of climbing experience, and working as a climbing guide in college, I had never attempted a “14er”: one of Colorado’s legendary peaks towering above 14,000 feet.

Reflecting on this ascent got me thinking about how, as coaches, we must be strategic and pragmatic with our seasonal objectives in order to not top out too soon. Our season’s structure should align with our ultimate goal. Like mountaineers planning their summit attempt, timing becomes everything, whether that goal is advancing from regionals or achieving victory at the state or national level. Whatever that goal, a common phrase in the outdoor industry can be applied to coaching as well: “Proper prior planning prevents (p*ss) poor performance.”

It’s our responsibility to plan an effective and safe top-out when it matters most.

Like mountaineers planning their summit attempt, timing becomes everything, whether that goal is advancing from regionals or achieving victory at the state or national level, says @DillonMartinez. Share on X

The challenge of timing athletes’ peak performance can appear daunting. However, both research and the experience of elite coaches offer valuable guidance. Studies demonstrate that a properly executed taper can enhance competition performance by approximately 3%, with improvements ranging from 0.5% to 6.0% (Majika, 2012; Meur et al., 2012; Bosquet et al., 2007). Just as a mistimed summit attempt leaves climbers exposed to danger, an improperly planned competitive peak leaves athletes vulnerable to underperformance when results matter most.

Understanding the Taper

Athletes’ performance potential balances between fitness and fatigue. Throughout the season, both elements increase, but fatigue often masks the true fitness, strength, and speed gains accumulated during training. A proper taper reduces fatigue while maintaining, or even increasing, these performance aspects; this, then, allows athletes to access their full adaptive potential when it matters most.

A proper taper reduces fatigue while maintaining, or even increasing, these performance aspects; this, then, allows athletes to access their full adaptive potential when it matters most, says @DillonMartinez. Share on X

Recent research examining elite sprint coaches’ technical practices reveals that successful tapering transcends simple volume reduction; it requires systematic progression toward competition-specific intensity (Agudo-Ortega et al., 2024). Agudo-Ortega et al. (2024) surveyed numerous professional track coaches who all had experience working with Olympic-level sprinters. Of the hundreds of research articles I have reviewed while working on my doctorate (which focuses on speed coaching), this work by Agudo-Ortega et al. has been one of the most thought-provoking—I highly recommend taking the time to read it.

Upon review of the data, the researchers discovered that all the coaches who participated in the study implemented some form of tapering phase into their competitive season, though their approaches varied in duration and structure. To get a better understanding of these differences, lets first look at some basics of the taper.

The Physiology of Fatigue: Why Tapering Matters

Understanding fatigue’s multifaceted impact on athletic performance illuminates why proper tapering proves essential. Taylor et al., (2016) produced a foundational article that outlines the effects that fatigue, in its many forms, imparts on the muscles. Fatigue manifests through several distinct mechanisms, each significantly affecting performance:

  1. Neuromuscular fatigue—at the neuromuscular level, fatigue diminishes motor unit recruitment and reduces power output, typically requiring 24-72 hours for full recovery.
  2. Metabolic fatigue depletes energy stores and compromises energy systems, necessitating 12-48 hours of recovery.
  3. Structural fatigue, characterized by micro-damage to muscle fibers, can take 48-96 hours to resolve.
  4. Central nervous system fatigue and hormonal imbalances, perhaps most significantly, can require 72-120 hours for complete recovery.

Athletic performance deteriorates under fatigue through several key mechanisms. A decline in neural efficiency presents as a primary concern. Research indicates that athletes who experience central nervous system fatigue exhibit a decrease in the rate of force development, reduced motor unit synchronization, and diminished neural drive (Tornero-Aguilera et al., 2022; Taylor et al., 2016). These deficits result in slower explosive movements, less coordinated actions, and decreased maximum force production—the specific qualities that are crucial for athletes to perform at their best.

Research indicates that athletes who experience central nervous system fatigue exhibit a decrease in the rate of force development, reduced motor unit synchronization, and diminished neural drive. Share on X

A compromised metabolic system further compounds these issues. The seminal piece by Sahlin (1992), does a lot to explain how metabolic fatigue impacts our athletes. Sahlin points out that training-induced fatigue affects multiple energy systems, with phosphocreatine stores showing depletion, glycogen reduction, and compromised aerobic efficiency. These deficits directly impact immediate energy availability, sustained power output, and recovery capacity between efforts.

The Art and Science of Training Phases

Now that we understand how fatigue occurs and its impact on athletes, we can begin to strategically plan our training phases. Just as a composer creates a symphony through carefully designed movements, each adding complexity and depth to the piece, elite coaches develop their training programs in structured phases that work in concert with one another. Their approach reflects the natural progression of athletic development, moving from fundamental strength to explosive power, and ultimately to performance tailored for competition. But the original motif of the piece, to a well-trained ear, will be able to be heard throughout each movement.

Movement One: Starting with the Base (the trailhead)

Tackling Longs Peak with my brother-in-law and a friend, we started well before the sun was up. The general idea of starting the hike so early was to ensure ample time to climb, hang out at the summit, then start the trek back before the afternoon storms came in. With that thought in mind, we took our first steps on trail at 3am—we had a plan and were able to start exactly when we’d hoped, with clear skies and no one else around. The first few hours were easy going—the incline was not yet severe and the altitude hadn’t started to get the best of us…

Trail Head
Image 1. Tailhead signage.

Much like the initial portion of that hike, the start of my track season is almost painfully gradual. For my high school sprinters, the first two weeks of the season are extremely low volume. In fact, we don’t even have practice on Tuesday or Thursday for the first two or three weeks of the season. This is because I do not view my track athletes as only track athletes.

Last year (2023), both the boys’ and the girls’ basketball teams played in the state championship game, then athletes from those teams reported to track practice the following Monday. If I planned my track season in a vacuum, my athletes would never recover from the long basketball season, let alone the taxing effect that sprinting has on the central nervous system. Our athletes are not ours alone: we need to consider their entire year when we plan our season rather than seeing our season as the macrocycle. Below is an example of my first three weeks of the track season. In a previous article, I explained how I use time under tension (TUT) to plan out my entire season (for a refresher, you can find that piece here).

Our athletes are not ours alone: we need to consider their entire year when we plan our season rather than seeing our season as the macrocycle, says @DillonMartinez. Share on X
TUT Training Plan
Figure 1. Training plan for weeks 1-3 with a focus on time under tension.

Notice how we don’t go from practicing three days a week right to five days a week. We start with three, then four, then five. This ensures adequate time for the body to adjust to the novel stimulus of the new season before we hit it hard starting on Week 4 (although hard for us is subjective).

I don’t go about the base phase in this manner because I am a wizard and thought of this all on my own—this is simply what the research has shown as best practice. Other examples of some methods that lend themselves nicely to the base phase as identified by the literature are:

  • Tempo runs of 200m or so at 60-70% of max speed that focus on perfect technique with 2 minutes of rest (as identified by 85% of coaches in the Agudo-Ortega study).
  • Hill runs, with athletes performing eight to ten 60m ascents at 70% effort, naturally enforcing proper mechanics while building strength and endurance.
  • Whole sessions focusing on technical progression and movement pattern development that will prove crucial in later phases (stay tuned for a dissertation coming out in May focusing on how successful speed coaches teach sprinting as a specialized skill).

Movement Two: Crafting Power and Precision (the Push Above the Trees)

As dawn broke and we emerged from Goblin’s Forest, the real work of our hike began. The well-maintained trail gave way to increasingly rocky terrain, and the protective canopy of trees disappeared, leaving us exposed to the elements. This transition marked our first serious test—a steep series of switchbacks that demanded more from our legs and lungs as we pushed toward Chasm Junction. The thin air above 11,000 feet forced a new awareness of our breathing and movement efficiency. Gone was the gentle warm-up of the forest trail; now each step required more precise placement and greater energy expenditure.

Tree Line
Image 2. The last bit of green before going above the tree line.

This section of the climb mirrors the transition my sprinters face as they move from their base phase into more demanding training. Just as the mountain demands more from climbers above the tree line, this phase asks athletes to step out of their comfort zone and face new challenges. The protective “cover” of basic conditioning gives way to more specialized work, and just like those early morning switchbacks, each training session now requires greater precision and intensity.

As athletes master the fundamentals outlined in the first phase, my high school sprinters progress to more specific training strategies that will elicit a more profound response. The focus shifts from base strength, technique, and low-volume exposure to explosive power production. This is a transformation that requires both precision and patience on the part of the coach and the athletes.

The week’s structure maintains its rhythm, but changes its tune. We are now at 5 days a week. Speed endurance work is going to be introduced for the first time of the season, and speed work is going to be stretched out ever so slightly. Instead of 10m flys, we will do 15m flys. Instead of 20m pushes out of blocks, we will run two 40-yard dashes.

As stated, speed endurance work intensifies during this phase. Because the athlete’s body has built up some familiarity with the new stimulus, more volume can be added safely. This is in line with what every elite coach in the Aguado study emphasizes as important during this phase of the training cycle.

Week 4 & 5 Training
Figure 2. Week’s four and five of the season plan. (Note: A point of clarification, where it says “peak” here, this refers to our “peak volume” week—not where I expect the athletes to peak.)

Movement Three: Adding a Gear (The Boulder Field)

After 5.5 miles and 3,300 feet of elevation gain in the hike, we arrived at the Boulder Field. This iconic section of Longs Peak offers a deceptive reprieve; while the elevation gain eases, each step requires deliberate focus as you navigate the maze of car-sized rocks. A single misplaced foot could end your summit bid, yet there’s a psychological boost in reaching this milestone. The hard push above the tree line is behind you, but the technical challenges of the Keyhole Route still lie ahead.

Boulder Field
Image 3. Looking back over the Boulder Field.

This phase mirrors the first taper in our sprinting program, where we begin to capitalize on the previous weeks’ work. Just as hikers must balance their desire to move quickly through the Boulder Field with the need for precise foot placement, we now shift our training focus from volume to quality. Meet schedules become a crucial consideration, requiring us to adjust our training stimulus accordingly. Our speed endurance work transforms into three technique-focused “shakeouts” of 150m at a controlled 90% pace. This represents our first significant volume taper—dropping to 45 seconds of Time Under Tension (TUT), a 56% reduction from the previous week. The taper continues progressively, reaching 75% in week 7 and 93% in weeks 8 and 9.

Movement Four: The Final Push (Keyhole to Summit)

After the Boulder Field comes the most technically demanding section of the climb—the infamous Keyhole formation. Passing through this distinctive notch in the rock marks the point of no return. The relatively straightforward hiking ends, and true mountaineering begins. Like our transition into championship season, each section beyond the Keyhole demands perfect execution under increasing pressure.

Keyhole View
Image 4. Looking up to the Keyhole from the Boulder Field.

The Narrows comes first: a ledge traverse where focus is paramount. Hikers must move efficiently while maintaining absolute precision, much like our athletes during the reload phase of weeks 10-11. Here, we dramatically reduce volume to just 21% of our peak week, but maintain laser-sharp technical execution through short, crisp sessions like our 20m flys and precise relay handoffs. Like traversing the Narrows, there’s no wasted movement—every step must have a purpose.

Then comes the Trough—a steep gully of loose rock that tests resolve. This mirrors our regional and sectional weeks (week 12), where we further reduce training load to just 5 seconds of Time Under Tension. Just as climbers must carefully pick their line up the Trough, we strategically decrease volume while maintaining enough intensity to keep our athletes sharp. A misstep in either environment could prove costly.

Finally, there’s the Homestretch—the last steep pitch to the summit. Like our state meet week (week 13), where we cut to just 3.5 seconds of TUT (a 92% taper from peak), this final section demands everything you have left while requiring perfect technical execution. Just as a climber must execute precise movements on the exposed granite slabs despite fatigue and elevation, our athletes must perform at their absolute best when it matters most.

Just as a climber must execute precise movements on the exposed granite slabs despite fatigue and elevation, our athletes must perform at their absolute best when it matters most. Share on X

The parallel continues to timing—summit the peak too late, and afternoon storms threaten success. Peak your athletes too early, and months of preparation may fall short of their potential. But when timed right—when you hit the summit under clear skies, or when your athletes step onto the track at the state meet fresh and fast—all the calculated preparation pays off.

Taper Weeks Graph
Figure 3. Weeks 11-13 in the season plan.

Adapting Principles to Specific Sports

But what about other sports? While the fundamental principles of tapering remain constant, their application must be as unique as the sport itself.

Football: The Season-Long Summit

Football presents a unique challenge in performance peaking. Imagine climbing not one mountain, but a range of peaks that stretches across an entire season. The goal isn’t simply to reach one summit, but to maintain elevation while preparing for the highest peaks during playoff season.

Last winter, Tom Lee, the head football coach at Aquinas High School (State Champs in 2021, 2022, and 2023), was helping me run off-season speed work with a mix of football, volleyball, basketball, baseball, and track kids. I asked him how he prevented burnout throughout the long season, to which he smiled and said: “People wouldn’t believe how little we practice.”

This concept of minimizing practice time while maximizing effectiveness has fascinating applications in football. Consider a system that begins with focused 90-minute practices in the preseason, built around just three core elements:

  • Positional skills
  • Team execution
  • Special teams

As the regular season progresses, practice time could drop to 60 minutes, with one day per week dedicated entirely to film study and recovery. The weight room focus shifts from general strength to purely explosive movements with light weight. When playoffs arrive, this minimalist approach tightens further—45-minute practices that eliminate everything but essential game-speed reps, explosive lifting sessions early in the week, and increased recovery time. This strategic reduction in volume allows players to maintain peak power output when it matters most, while the maintained intensity of shorter sessions keeps skills sharp. The keys to this approach aren’t revolutionary methods, but rather the disciplined removal of non-essential work; understanding that in a violent sport like football, less can truly be more when that “less” is precisely what the athletes need to succeed.

Summer Speed
Image 5. Example of results with a football team in the off-season.

Basketball: The Tournament Gauntlet

Like a climber transitioning from the relative stability of the Boulder Field to the exposed Keyhole Route, basketball teams must navigate their own technical crux during tournament season. The physical demands shift dramatically, from managing regular season games with recovery days between, to potentially playing three or four high-stakes games in rapid succession. Like we had to carefully manage our energy through each challenging section of the Keyhole Route, basketball coaches must orchestrate their team’s energy expenditure with precision, knowing that each game could require maximum output.

This tournament gauntlet demands a unique tapering approach, one that differs significantly from our track model or football’s season-long crescendo. Think of it as preparing for multiple summit attempts in quick succession, each requiring peak performance. Recent research suggests that successful basketball programs often implement what I call a ‘stepped taper’: reducing practice intensity by 40% two weeks out, then another 30% the week of tournaments, while maintaining short, explosive sessions that mirror game intensity. These sessions typically last no more than 45 minutes and focus entirely on tactical execution and shooting rhythm, like a climber rehearsing crucial moves before a difficult pitch—every movement must serve a specific purpose.

Back to the Track

As I extensively outlined above in my program scheduling, track and field represents perhaps the purest application of tapering principles, where success or failure becomes immediately measurable in hundredths of seconds or fractions of inches. Agudo-Ortega at al., (2024) point out that elite sprint coaches have developed remarkably consistent patterns in their approach to peaking, though their specific methods show interesting variations.

The foundation of their success lies in technical preparation. Every single elite coach in the study (Agudo-Ortega et al., 2024) emphasizes technique work before sprint sessions, treating it not as a mere warm-up, but as deliberate technical preparation. They progress through a careful sequence: muscle activation, mobility work, technical drills, plyometric preparation, and finally progressive sprint build-ups.

As Agudo-Ortega et al. (2024) uncovered, the duration of the taper itself shows fascinating variation among elite coaches. Some prefer a 15-day taper (35.7%), others opt for 10 days (21.4%), while another group extends the taper to 30 days (21.4%). I used 20 total days of taper in the program outlined above. This variation underscores a crucial point: the optimal taper length must be individualized based on event specifics, training history, recovery capacity, and the competition schedule.

The optimal taper length must be individualized based on event specifics, training history, recovery capacity, and the competition schedule, says @DillonMartinez. Share on X

Monitoring and Adjustment: The Art of Listening

Similar to how an experienced mountaineer reads the mountain’s subtle signs—such as the changing wind patterns, the feel of the rock, and the shifting weather—successful coaches must develop an acute sensitivity to their athletes’ readiness. Think of it as creating your own weather station at base camp—the objective data (such as heart rate variability, jump testing results, and velocity tracking) are your barometer readings and wind speeds. Equally crucial are the subjective measures—your athletes’ mood, movement quality, and perceived readiness, these are like those subtle environmental cues that experienced climbers interpret instinctively.

The mountain teaches us that conditions can change rapidly and require immediate adjustments; similarly, the taper period demands constant vigilance and readiness to adapt. When I watch my sprinters during their final preparation phase, I’m not just looking at stopwatch readings or counting repetitions, I’m listening for the rhythm of their footfalls, watching the crispness of their movements, sensing whether they’re hitting their crescendo at the right moment.

When I watch my sprinters during their final preparation phase, I'm not just looking at stopwatch readings or counting reps, I'm listening for the rhythm of their footfalls, watching the crispness of their movements. Share on X

As a conductor fine-tunes each section of the orchestra before the performance, we must listen not just to the individual instruments, but to how they harmonize together. This artistic element of coaching, this ability to read and respond to both data and intuition, often makes the difference between a successful peak and a missed opportunity.

Real World Example

In my previous article, outlining my plan for the 2024 Wisconsin Track season, I laid out my ideas on prioritizing speed and my method of using time under tension to plan out my season’s workouts. I briefly mentioned the taper aspect of my plan, but didn’t spend nearly the amount of time on it as I did here. The examples provided were my exact 2024 track season plan.

How did it go?

To put it simply, the plan worked. The fastest 10m fly times of the season (both average and individually) were recorded on our final day of practice before we ran at the state meet. We then went on to run our best races and times of the year when it mattered the most. As a coach, that is all that I could hope for.

Track Medals
Image 6. Jackson, David, Dillon, Logan, and Collin. School Record 4×100 Team (3rd place at State). Collin (far right) State Champ 100 and 200. 2023.

The Final Descent

That day on Longs Peak, we were forced to make a hasty retreat from the summit as lightning crackled around us. The descent was treacherous—every step calculated, every movement precise, despite our urgency to escape the incoming storm. Yet even in that moment of intensity, there was a lesson: sometimes our greatest achievements come with imperfect timing, teaching us to be even more precise in our future planning.

Summit Peak
Image 7. Dillon, Max, and AJ at the Peak of Longs before the clouds closed in.

Just as mountaineers learn from each summit attempt, coaches evolve through each season. The science is clear: A well-executed taper can unlock performance improvements of up to 6% (Majika, 2012), but achieving this requires both art and science. Whether you’re coaching football players through a grueling season, preparing basketball teams for tournament gauntlets, or fine-tuning track athletes for championship performances, the principles remain consistent: systematically reduce volume while maintaining intensity, monitor both objective and subjective markers of readiness, and individualize your approach based on your athletes’ needs and responses. The success of my 2024 track season wasn’t just about the training plan, it was about timing our summit attempt perfectly.

Like that successful summit attempt, peaking athletes require careful planning and precise execution. The mountain showed that it is not enough to simply reach the top, you must get back down safely. In athletics, this means understanding that peak performance is not a single moment, but a window we need to sustain through championships.

References

Agudo-Ortega, A., Salinero, J., Sandbakk, Ø., De La Cruz, V., & González-Rave, J. (2024). Training practices used by elite sprint coaches. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 1–16.

Bosquet, L., Montpetit, J., Arvisais, D., & Mujika, I. (2007). Effects of tapering on performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(8), 1358–1365.

Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Mujika, I. (2012). Tapering for Competition: a review. Science & Sport. 27 (2), 77-87.

Mujika, I. (2012). Endurance Training – Science and Practice (2nd Edition). Physiology and Training.

Taylor, L., Amann M., Duchateau, J., Meeusen, R., Rice, C. (2016). Neural Contributions to Muscle Fatigue: From the Brain to the Muscle and Back Again. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(11), 2294-2306

Tornero-Aguilera, J., Jimenez-Morcillo, J., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., & Clemente-Suárez, V. (2022). Central and peripheral fatigue in physical exercise explained: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3909.

Sahlin, K. (1992). Metabolic factors in fatigue1. Sports Medicine, 13(2), 99–107.

RTP Achilles Case Study Breakdown

RTP Case Study Breakdown: Achilles Rupture with Rachel Dincoff

Blog| ByDanny Foley

RTP Achilles Case Study Breakdown

Achilles ruptures are one of the most devastating and compromising soft tissue injuries that an athlete can sustain. These often require extensive rehabilitation and a difficult return to play (RTP) process that can take several years to fully restore. Rachel Dincoff is an elite discus thrower who is currently training for the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic games—following her All-American career at Auburn University, Rachel has competed at the highest levels of her sport, including the 2020 Tokyo games.

While training for her spot in the 2024 Paris Olympics, she sustained an Achilles rupture in training which derailed her goals for the Paris games. Moreover, due to several complications with her injury, she would go on to have three separate procedures in an effort to repair her Achilles. Safe to say, it’s been no easy path.

Intake Olympic athlete

Initial Intake: Subjective Understanding, Objective Knowing

I had the privilege of being introduced to Rachel about 9 months after her last surgery. At this point she had regained most basic functions and was relatively pain free, but there was still quite a bit of ground to cover. Between myself and a handful of other individuals, Rachel had assembled a great team in place to attack her recovery from all angles.

My role in the team was developed around providing hybrid applications of soft tissue therapy and restorative strength training applications—our initial goals were to improve the local tissue quality and circulation, restore proprioceptive acuity, and improve isolated strength, capacity, and function.

This hybrid role of soft tissue therapy and strength and conditioning has provided me with a wide skillset for working with injured athletes. While this versatility has been widely beneficial for me, it can also create some interesting challenges in programming. In addition to my role within the team in place, I determine my work priorities based on criteria and information received during our initial intake process.

My athlete evaluation and assessment process utilizes an array of inputs that I collectively look at as gathering “a subjective understanding, with an objective knowing.” In other words, I want to understand the athlete for who they are and what got them to where they are, but also know what their physical capabilities are and where those capabilities are in relation to where they need or want to be. The subjective understanding is gathered mostly from my athlete intake (interview), which allows me to get to know the human as much as the athlete. Additional subjective inputs include movement evaluation, tissue quality, and reported pain levels.

My athlete evaluation and assessment process utilizes an array of inputs that I collectively look at as gathering ‘a subjective understanding, with an objective knowing,’ says @danny_ruderock. Share on X

The objective criteria, which is predominantly collected through Hawkin Dynamics force plate diagnostics, provides me with clear confirmation on where the athlete is physically, and therefore helps to guide and confirm decision making and planning.

Prioritizing Strategies

Local Strategies & Global Re-Integration: Force Follows Stiffness

For injured athletes, I organize my training approach broadly by viewing it as working from isolated to integrated. With significant injuries such as Rachel’s, we need to have a direct and local application for improving the injured site. For me, this is where the manual therapy and soft tissue applications have become tremendously valuable. With the local strategies, we want to consider these being primarily focused around improving local sensorimotor function (nociceptive downregulation, proprioceptive acuity), improving local circulation and fluid dynamics, and addressing structural items such as scar tissue formation and trigger point formations.

For injured athletes, I organize my training approach broadly by viewing it as working from isolated to integrated, says @danny_ruderock. Share on X

While these may be things that contemporary strength coaches scoff at, it’s important to recognize the significance of addressing the tissue and adjacent qualities. For instance, disproportionate scar tissue formation can promote a mechanical phenomenon known as stress shielding. Stress shielding, which Dr. Keith Baar has spoken about in great length, is when a stiffer material resists applied loads to protect surrounding tissues from excessive force. A good heuristic for understanding this is thinking about it as “force follows stiffness.” When there is incompatibility across local tissues—for instance the medial and lateral aspects of the Achilles tendon—we will get disproportionate loading across those fibers. This can reinforce pain sites, compensation patterns, and ultimately result in overloading certain areas while concurrently underloading other tissues.

Local Strategies for Rehab
But repairing the isolated site isn’t the complete solution, as we then need to consider how the injured area is re-integrating back to the body. This is where the global strategies are applied, which for all intents and purposes, are developed from conventional strength and conditioning principles. While I find tremendous value in the local strategies and soft tissue applications, we cannot ignore the fact that all major adaptations are going to be found in high force loading and high velocity movements.  That is to say, we utilize the soft tissue applications primarily for the sake of creating an optimal window for loading, but then we follow it with just that: apply high force loading.

While I find tremendous value in the local strategies and soft tissue applications, we cannot ignore the fact that all major adaptations are going to be found in high force loading and high velocity movements, says @danny_ruderock. Share on X

Global Strategies Return to Play
In addition to high force and high velocity movements, these global strategies will also speak to the fascial-based concepts I’ve ascribed to over the years. In a simple sense, this is how I view “re-integrating” the injured area back to the body. The soft tissue work is important, high force and high velocity loading are essential, but if we never re-connect the anatomy, we are going to leave a lot on the table.

The heuristic here is to “load patterns,” which is a concept I’ve adopted from Stu McMillan and ALTIS. A quick background on this if you’re unfamiliar with this model, our shapes are the primary positions we observe in sport and patterns are “the connection of shapes in space and time.” The signatures component, which I’ve added, is the individual or unique expression of patterns, typically with regard to injury. So, from this lens of shapes, patterns, and signatures, loading patterns is akin to fascial-based loading, which in my belief is extremely important and often overlooked in RTP models.

To see more on how we approached Rachel’s situation, including her movement breakdown, our programming, and force plate diagnostics, be sure to check out the latest module for the SimpliFaster RTP Case Study Series here!

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


Rapid Fire 4 Holler

Rapid Fire—Episode #4 Featuring Tony Holler: “Making Speed a Habit”

Blog, Podcast| ByTony Holler, ByJustin Ochoa

Rapid Fire 4 Holler

“The byproduct of this less-is-more, performance-based practice is you get good at the things that matter and then kids start to really like the process.”

While there’s a practical benefit in learning the immediate what of another coach’s methods, there’s an even greater benefit in learning how they learned those methods in the first place and how they continue to learn and grow. In this new episode of Rapid Fire, Coach Tony Holler joins host Justin Ochoa to discuss ways to implement his atomic workout and target maximum velocity with timed sprints…but even more importantly, beyond covering the key tenets of his Feed the Cats ethos, Holler shares how he evolved as a coach and where he’s going next.

“I was as traditional as any young coach could possibly be and the way I used to coach is still the traditional thing I have to preach against,” Holler says. “Which is basically that your entire plan is to outwork everyone else. I call it ‘fatigue seeking.’ Lombardi said ‘fatigue makes cowards of us all’…and to me, that means okay, we shouldn’t be tired all the time.”

The byproduct of this less-is-more, performance-based practice is you get good at the things that matter and then kids start to really like the process, says @pntrack. Share on X

Prioritizing speed then becomes a daily habit built on a foundation of recovery, nutrition, sleep, and hydration. Holler explains the keys to maintaining that habit, including the importance of targeting maximum velocity in training with timed sprints.

“Max velocity will improve vertical jump, it will improve improve quickness, the faster you can run in one direction the faster you can run in all directions.”


Rapid Fire Episode 4. Watch the full episode with Coach Tony Holler and Coach Justin Ochoa.

Throughout the interview, Holler continues to touch on ways in which he continues to learn and grow as a coach, even after four decades in the coaching field. Part of that is through the Track Football Consortium, where Holler emphasizes that they bring together presenters who are like-minded in pursuit of excellence on the field without necessarily being in lockstep agreement on how to achieve those results (For information on tickets and scheduling for TFC-Chicago Dec 6-7 2024, click here).

Max velocity will improve vertical jump, it will improve improve quickness, the faster you can run in one direction the faster you can run in all directions, says @pntrack. Share on X


Rapid Fire Excerpt. Coach Holler on the unique learning experience fostered by TFC and the “sense of belonging” the organizers seek to promote.

With that eye for the future and willingness to continually evolve, Holler also discusses how he has begun to dive deeper into the spinal engine as a performance-driver and, despite disagreeing on many topics, still being willing to listen to David Weck and integrate some of his perspectives on coiling and rotational ability as it relates to sprinting faster.

“You don’t have to be just like somebody else to gain from somebody else,” Holler says.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


RTP Case Study Achilles Rupture

Return to Play Case Study Module #2: Achilles Rupture

Blog| ByDanny Foley

RTP Case Study Achilles Rupture

What does the restorative strength training process look like for an Olympic athlete in the midst of return to play from a career-threatening injury?

In this case study module, Coach Danny Foley takes us inside his role in that effort as he works with elite discus thrower Rachel Dincoff. After competing in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Dincoff suffered an Achilles rupture while training for the 2024 Paris games that required a trio of surgical procedures.

For Foley, the process begins with what he terms subjective understanding with objective knowing. “What I mean by that,” Foley says, “Is we need to equally understand the athlete for who they are and the human side of who they are as well as having our objective criteria for decision making and programing.”

The subjective side involves conversation, soft-tissue work, feedback, keen observation, and other coaching considerations. Supporting the “objective knowing,” Foley integrates performance data from Hawkin Dynamics force plates as a key tool to support or confirm decision-making.

Watch the full webinar module below.


Video 1. Coach Danny Foley shares a case study of his restorative strength training process with Olympic discus thrower Rachel Dincoff.

We need to equally understand the athlete for who they are and the human side of who they are as well as having our objective criteria for decision making and programing,’ says @danny_ruderock. Share on X

If you missed the first module, our RTP Case Study series began with “Return to Play Case Study Module 1: High Ankle Sprain for Football.” Each installment can be watched independently, and that debut episode covered KPIs, a training overview, and the implementation of force plate data into the RTP model for a D1 defensive end recovering from a high ankle sprain.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


Introverted Coaches Coaching

Tips for Introverted Trainers: Building Success Authentically

Blog| ByDavid Akao

Introverted Coaches Coaching

In a field where high energy and extroverted traits often come with the territory, being an introverted trainer can sometimes feel like an uphill battle. But, through my experience, I’ve discovered that embracing my introversion and using it as a unique strength has not just been empowering, but essential to creating authentic, lasting connections with clients.

If you’re an introverted trainer navigating a profession that demands a lot of energy, here are some lessons I’ve learned that can help you build a fulfilling career while staying true to yourself.

If you’re an introverted trainer, remember that your introversion is not a barrier but a powerful strength that can set you apart and bring genuine value to the clients you serve, says @trayner_dave. Share on X

Embrace Authenticity

One of the first things I learned as a trainer was that authenticity is my biggest asset. Early on, I felt pressured to act more extroverted, thinking that it would attract clients and boost energy in sessions. But every time I tried to hype myself up, it felt forced and exhausting. I remember once attempting to lead a warm-up with high-energy shouts and exaggerated gestures, hoping it would create excitement. Instead, it felt like I was playing a role, and I could sense my own discomfort growing with each forced cheer. Eventually, I realized that my clients didn’t need me to bring over-the-top energy—they needed me to bring myself.

My grounded, calm presence became something they could rely on, and staying true to my personality built a foundation of trust and comfort. Clients are much more responsive when they feel they’re connecting with a real person rather than a persona. Authenticity not only enhances your relationships, but it also sets a powerful example of self-acceptance, inspiring clients to embrace their own strengths and quirks.

Introverted clients often feel more comfortable with a trainer who doesn’t overwhelm them with constant chatter or excessive energy, says @trayner_dave. Share on X

Own Your Introversion

Introversion is often seen as a barrier in high-energy fields like personal training, but it’s really just a different set of strengths. Interestingly, many of my clients are introverts too, and that common ground helps us build a bond that goes beyond the typical trainer-client dynamic. They value my ability to listen and understand where they’re coming from. Introverted clients often feel more comfortable with a trainer who doesn’t overwhelm them with constant chatter or excessive energy. I’ve found that being more reserved actually helps me create a relatable, approachable environment that draws people in naturally.

If you’re an introverted trainer navigating a profession that demands a lot of energy, here are some lessons I’ve learned to help build a fulfilling career while staying true to yourself, says @trayner_dave. Share on X

For example, I had a client who was initially nervous about starting training. She confided that she’d tried other gyms but felt too intimidated by the energy. Working with me allowed her to feel safe and comfortable. That experience reaffirmed to me that introversion isn’t a limitation; it’s a valuable asset that many clients appreciate.

Leverage Your Strengths

If you’re like me, you might feel out of place marketing your services through traditional methods like handing out business cards or striking up conversations in public. Instead, I focus on areas where I excel naturally, like social media. Over the years, I’ve developed my social media skills and even earned a reputation as a bit of a “social media guru.”

By sharing my journey and training philosophy online, I attract clients who connect with my authentic approach before they even meet me. This online platform has allowed me to grow my business without the stress of pushing myself into uncomfortable, high-energy networking events. Finding the right channel for your marketing is key as an introvert, and digital platforms can be fantastic tools for that.

Invest in Self-Development

Self-development has been critical to my journey as an introverted trainer. Knowing that communication and leadership are essential skills, I’ve dedicated a lot of time to reading, learning, and applying knowledge in areas like business management, sales, and personal development. Improving my listening skills, in particular, has been a game-changer. One book that had a big impact on me was Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking by Susan Cain. It helped me understand the strengths of introversion and how to leverage them in my work. Books like this have guided my approach, allowing me to connect with clients more deeply and lead with authenticity.

Listening doesn’t just help me understand my clients’ needs; it also shows them that I genuinely care. Investing in these skills has strengthened my connections with clients and given me a level of confidence I didn’t have starting out. Continuous self-improvement helps you stay grounded in your strengths and expand your skill set without changing who you are at the core.

Network on Your Terms

Networking can be overwhelming, but as an introvert, I’ve learned to approach it in ways that feel comfortable to me. Instead of attending large events, I focus on smaller, one-on-one meetings. This approach allows me to form genuine connections without feeling drained.

I’ve also noticed that the connections I make this way are more meaningful and long-lasting, as we’re able to communicate openly and authentically. Rather than trying to force yourself into traditional networking situations, find the format that lets you connect authentically, whether that’s through coffee chats, virtual meetings, or even social media.
1 on 1 Communication

Stand Out in Your Own Way

As an introverted trainer, standing out doesn’t have to mean being the loudest in the room. One tactic that’s worked for me is incorporating humor into my personal style. I often wear shirts with funny fitness-related slogans like “Back & Body Hurts” or “Keeper of the Gains,” which tend to make clients laugh and help break the ice.

Slogan Tee Shirt

I remember one session where a client was feeling especially anxious, but my goofy shirt sparked a smile, and we ended up laughing about it throughout the workout. Small touches like this make a big difference in helping clients feel relaxed and ready to engage.

Start Lighthearted Conversations

Initiating conversation can be tough, especially in a training environment where clients may come in feeling nervous or unsure. I’ve found that light topics, like food or a playful icebreaker question, usually work wonders. Everyone loves sharing their favorite cheat meal, and it creates an easy, friendly atmosphere that helps clients open up. Once, I asked a client what their favorite post-workout meal was, and we ended up in a long, animated discussion about local restaurants. That small exchange turned into a bonding moment that carried over into more comfortable, productive training sessions.

As an introverted trainer, standing out doesn’t have to mean being the loudest in the room. One tactic that’s worked for me is incorporating humor into my personal style, says @trayner_dave. Share on X

This approach isn’t unique to training; other professions where you’re working with a “captive audience,” like barbers, dental assistants, and rideshare drivers, often rely on conversation to build rapport. A barber might start with, “Any big plans this weekend?” while a dental assistant might ask, “Any recent vacations?” These kinds of simple, relatable questions can go a long way in making people feel at ease.

For trainers, the takeaway is to keep it light and genuine—pick topics that encourage clients to share a little about themselves without feeling put on the spot. Avoid overly personal questions early on, and instead focus on universal interests, like food, hobbies, or local events. This approach helps build trust and comfort, setting the stage for stronger connections and better training sessions.

Bring Energy in Your Own Way

There’s a common misconception that introverts don’t bring energy—but that’s simply not true. We just channel it differently. Rather than adopting a high-energy, cheerleader vibe, I create excitement through activities that naturally build camaraderie, like team-building games or friendly competitions like spikeball and tug of war. These interactive elements keep clients engaged and motivated, allowing me to infuse fun into sessions without feeling pressured to be someone I’m not. Clients can sense my genuine enthusiasm, but in a way that’s true to my personality and strengths as an introvert.
Spikeball Warmup

Schedule Recharge Time

To perform at my best, I’ve learned to protect my energy by setting boundaries and creating space to recharge. After a full day of sessions, my social battery is often low, so I take time to rest, sometimes splitting shifts or scheduling breaks between clients.

This approach helps me stay refreshed and ready to give my full attention to each client. Burnout is a real risk in this field, so making time to recharge isn’t just a luxury—it’s essential.

Let Go of Overthinking

When I started out, I sometimes held back because I worried about how others would perceive me. But with time, I learned that missing opportunities due to fear of awkwardness or failure only holds you back. Real growth happens when you put yourself out there, even if it feels uncomfortable. Early in my career, I had to push past those fears and start somewhere. I now realize that it’s the small, sometimes awkward beginnings that lead to bigger things.

Embrace Discomfort and Gain Experience

Leading sessions and speaking in front of groups used to make me nervous, but the more I did it, the more natural it became. Now, these once-dreaded activities are simply part of my day-to-day routine. Repetition is key; no amount of theory can replace the value of hands-on experience. Each session, consultation, and even rejection has made me a better trainer, equipping me with the skills I need to succeed.

Clients are much more responsive when they feel they’re connecting with a real person rather than a persona, says @trayner_dave. Share on X

Through my journey, I’ve found that introversion isn’t something to be overcome, but rather a quality to be embraced and leveraged. By being true to myself, investing in skills that matter, and finding unique ways to connect with clients, I’ve built a fulfilling and successful career on my own terms. If you’re an introverted trainer, remember that your introversion is not a barrier but a powerful strength that can set you apart and bring genuine value to the clients you serve.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


Strength Coach Buyers Guide

A Strength Coach’s Guide for Buying Force Plates

Blog, Buyer's Guide / ByMatt Cooper

Strength Coach Buyers Guide

There are generally two classifications of technology trainers integrate into their workflows: tools that can help improve the intervention-based side of the equation and tools that can help improve the assessment process.

The former is easy and spans the lion’s share of tech that gets accumulated by coaches, trainers, rehab specialists, and performance professionals. This can include everything from dumbbells all the way to resistance training technology and recovery modalities—essentially, anything aimed at creating an adaptation.

On the flip side—and what this article covers—is the latter: technology aimed at assessing athletes in order for us to make better decisions as coaches. This includes physiological assessments like Omegawave and MOXY all the way to pressure insoles and force plates.

The most important consideration when making this type of investment is, first, ensuring that you’re well-positioned from an education perspective to successfully integrate a technology into your workflow. In other words, do you understand how to interpret the data the tool provides and then make the right calls about how said data informs your training decisions.

Because force plates can be such a value-add across various disciplines, there are a number of professionals who can benefit from integrating them into their assessments, says @RewireHP. Share on X

In this guide, we’ll tackle force plates specifically and help you identify whether the investment is a good fit in the first place as well as which options may be worth exploring.


Insert Video 1. Coach Coop on why he integrates force plates into his training process.

What Best Describes You? Coach, Researcher, or Sport Scientist?

Because force plates can be such a value-add across various disciplines—including performance, rehabilitation, and beyond—there are a number of professionals who can benefit from integrating them into their assessments.

Some force plate companies have even aimed their products mostly at one of these target areas. Understanding what you’re looking to measure in the first place can simplify the buying process and set you up for success because you’ll actually be getting the insights you’re after.

Let’s start simple. Most performance coaches and trainers likely use force plates for jump testing, integrating them as a proxy on neuromuscular readiness potential and other raw output-based values. Because of this, some of the more research-based systems with metrics galore may not warrant the extra financial investment, and they could wind up causing overwhelm if there’s a product-fit mismatch. Simplicity of integration and an ability to deliver on metrics that help coaches make quick, informed, data-driven decisions are key for this use case.

Researchers are usually after the highest quality data, and oftentimes the most options when it comes to available metrics. Having a system that delivers data ubiquitously across performance, fitness, and rehab analytics may be worthwhile. There may also be a need in this realm for cross-integration across other assessment tools to link different data sets regarding motion capture, output-based tests (e.g., strength tests), and more.

A force plate is nothing more than a glorified weight scale that samples changes in applied force at a high rate. The data from a force plate is useful, but it’s only one part of the puzzle. Share on X

Most sport scientists, team training staffs, and rehab specialists are looking for some combination of the first two because it’s essential to make rapid-fire, KPI-based decisions in a team setting. At the same time, an ability to bring other assessments into the fold, such as motion capture, to inform training and rehab decisions based on larger, relevant data sets is ideal. More metrics than a traditional individual owner-operator trainer may be warranted, as well.

We should note that other situations and scenarios exist (such as more robust private sector facilities), but:

  1. These tend to be the main archetypes.
  2. Even these “exceptions” still fit within the aforementioned classifications.

What Are You Looking To Assess?

A force plate is nothing more than a glorified weight scale that samples changes in applied force at a high rate. The data from a force plate is useful, but it’s only one part of the puzzle—and it’s important to clear up what that information can do for a coach. Marketing can create hyperbole for the value of the force-time curve of a vertical jump, but dismissing the data is just as dangerous. Force analysis through a platform is the gold standard, even in the age of smaller, cheaper IMU sensors.

Force Plate Assessments
Image 1. If the bulk of your assessments are neuromuscular profile assessments and jump-based tests that don’t require triaxial (multidirectional) features, a system that’s simple (or capable of being simple in both the test setup and delivering metrics departments) can make force plate integration as seamless as possible while also likely saving you on the pocketbook.

A force plate is usually an industrial, robust platform connected to a computer or tablet. Due to the size, most of the time it’s used as a jumping device; but, we are now seeing more exercises like isometric pulls and even traditional lifts being performed. One important reminder: A force plate is capable of looking at all forces, such as lateral and horizontal force, not just the vertical plane.

You can argue that, most of the time, a strength coach wants to measure vertical force with most of the exercises they test in the weight room, but most non-contact injuries come from cutting or changing horizontal direction. Many researchers and team staffs are trying to extract ground reaction forces (GRF) from athletic motions so they can look at what makes an athlete great and what can cause injury.

Through a combination of technology that includes force plates, the goal here is sometimes to be able to forecast injury potential or kick the tires on where athletes are at in the rehab process. The layers here can include things like left/right differentials in symmetry as well as kinematic preferences (a.k.a., movement strategy assessments).

Knowing what you’re looking to assess can simplify the buying process.

Although budget is no-doubt a factor to consider when investing in force plates, the best place to start is by identifying what you’re looking to evaluate. Be realistic, too. More bells and whistles may sound cool, but they could wind up going unused while also adding unnecessary layers of complexity to a coach’s workflow.

  • If you are trying to test jumps, isometrics, and pulling exercises, get a semi-portable system that focuses on vertical force analysis.
  • If you want to look at athletic motion, floor-embedded 3-D platforms are necessary and require a lot more time and analysis.

Jump analysis and change of direction analysis are the primary drivers for force plates in sport, and gait analysis and sprint evaluation favor video and other kinematic data. Kinetic forces from plates are invaluable, but are less prescriptive in technical nature (technique) and are more about training.

Hardware, Firmware, and Software Considerations

Before getting into the different companies and options, it’s extremely important to know how to make a wise investment in force plates by first learning how they are made. Force plates are measurement tools, so they are instruments and not toys.. When buying force plates, coaches should consider the entire solution instead of making a decision based on the size and shape of the system, like they’re buying a sofa.

A force plate is capable of looking at all forces, such as lateral and horizontal force, not just the vertical plane. Share on X

Hardware

Force analysis can be performed by two primary methods: using strain gauges or using a set of piezoelectric sensors. Other options exist, but the market generally uses these two approaches. Strain gauges are extremely popular for simple household appliances and even novelty items, but they are also perfectly acceptable as research tools. Piezoelectric sensors are currently far more expensive—they can triple the cost or more—but some new technological innovations are resolving these price limitations. Generally, 3-D force analysis is more expensive than vertical force products.

Outside of sensor type, the next decision is to choose between a single plate and dual force plates. One plate can get the gross height of a jump or isometric pull, but two plates can reveal asymmetry problems or improvements. Anyone wanting to invest in jumping or lower body analysis should get two plates because the option is a huge time-saver. A prominent researcher did correctly point out that you can use a single plate and perform multiple jumps to tease out information, but doubling the time is not practical in modern sport.

Firmware

Before skipping to the software and charting, it is essential to talk about firmware, or the lack of it. Most coaches will draw a blank on the importance of firmware because they assume the force plates are just magically sending over the force data to a laptop or tablet. The truth is, newer force plates process the information onboard and then send the near-final data to another location. Similar to velocity-based training options, you can use a tablet or phone as a “brain” or use the smart device just as a display. Different pros and cons exist, but, for the most part, having a “box” improves the user experience.

Most of the market has what we call “zombie plates,” meaning they are pure sensors with a relay device that moves the raw information to a second hardware piece. We think that one integrated option is a better design, but some top-of-the-line products remove the PCB board so they can be thinner or easier to manufacture. I prefer composite products with easy replacement construction, but that is just a personal preference.

Software

There are three key things tolook for when evaluating the software of force plates. The first is how easy it is to capture data. If it requires training or an instruction guide, it’s likely fine for research but a bad idea for coaches. Even if a researcher has all the time in the world, good studies have time windows, so the software needs to run quickly. Most software is on a laptop, which is not a best practice for a weight room, even if you’re using a new Microsoft Surface.

Contemplas Force Plates
Image 2. Researchers and some very progressive teams may need to synchronize video and other data sets, so CONTEMPLAS may be a necessary investment.The future is going to see more kiosk-style testing areas with more backend web tools, along with a dramatic price drop in hardware.

Second after capture is the analysis side. When a coach decides to invest in a force plate, they want sharper data integrity and more richness with information. A force-time curve has a lot of milestones and is perfect to dissect if you know what you are looking for. Some software allows for easy automated review, while others are better equipped for sports scientists to take a deeper dive. A good table is all you need, and CONTEMPLAS is a good example of a design that pushes out a lot of metrics instantly. We are currently seeing a possible trend with web applications, as many coaches want to “test now and analyze later” with teams.

Although budget is no-doubt a factor to consider when investing in force plates, the best place to start is by identifying what you're looking to evaluate, says @RewireHP. Share on X

Finally, we have the third key priority with software—export options. Some teams want to track the changes over the season to manage their athletes, which requires a .csv export feature at minimum. Ideally, an API can help streamline this, but only a few products currently support this feature request.

Product Prospectus: Popular Force Plate Testing Systems

Another word on being realistic—be sure you’re ready to integrate force plates into your workflow or the team’s workflow if operating in a group setting. While you don’t necessarily have to use force plates daily, knowing you can commit to folding them into new athlete assessments and re-assessing periodically from there is essential. Otherwise, you risk having an expensive toy that may add a layer of perceived value in the eyes of clients, yet doesn’t actually improve your training outcomes.

Again—also be sure you feel reasonably confident in your ability to both test and interpret the data. Some of this comes from finding the right product-need fit, but some of it also comes from in-the-trenches experience.

We recommend calling companies and inquiring about demo units that may be available in your area. Companies may also direct you to other local coaches so you can get your hands dirty and see force plates represented in a sample workflow.

With that said, here are some popular market options and who they may be ideal fits for.

Hawkin Dynamics

Hawkin has long-been a popular option for force plates among individual coaches and in team settings. Since the first edition of our force plate buyer’s guide, they have evolved quite a bit in terms of what they measure. One example of this is Hawkin’s new center-of-pressure measurement, which helps show where an athlete’s force is being applied as well as what asymmetries may be present. Those familiar with the Postural Restoration Institute or rehab specialists in general are likely familiar with the importance of addressing asymmetries to a reasonable extent. This measurement—while not a complete stand-in for pressure insole monitoring—can serve as a proxy on center-of-mass displacement and asymmetries that’s effective enough for most coaches’ needs.

This—and some of Hawkin’s other new offerings—can help forecast injury potential as well as assess where athletes may be in the rehab process. As we mentioned in the last guide, they were the first to offer a kiosk-style testing system for athletes, and they have designed the most cutting-edge acquisition system for sport. Their product is aimed at vertical forces, such as the jumps and pulls, but they are always evolving. Hawkin Dynamics offers very competitive pricing and a web portal, and they are part of a new trend of companies coming down the road.


Video 2. Hawkin center of pressure demo.

Vald

While Vald (formerly Forcedecks) boasts the usual force plate offerings, they’re more known for their software quality and an ability to integrate force plate data with other assessments, such as motion capture. Vald software is highly user-friendly and delivers assessments ultra-fast.

Vald Ecosystem
Image 3. Other data that can be collected within the Vald ecosystem.

Noraxon

Noraxon is the gold-standard for both research-driven purposes as well as more robust team setups. Not only do their force plates boast a robust offering of useful metrics, but they offer more cross-integration with other technologies than possibly any other company.

This includes things like pressure mapping systems, wireless EMG neuromuscular profiling to examine the dialogue between nervous and muscular system, and much more. This system—and associated costs—may not be ideal for smaller boutique private sector settings, but it is ideal for research and potentially a good fit for team settings. The nice thing is that Noraxon allow you to build out your own system based on the tech you may need.

Kistler

Kistler was originally intended for more general human performance audiences outside of sport, but its products have since become options in team settings—and their financials are more in line with the budget of a professional team or something on that level. The software is a bit more approachable these days, but it still isn’t nearly as straightforward as other options on this list. However, Kistler is ideal for assessing more horizontal, force vector-driven movements, such as running or cutting. That said, if you’re a regular coach or smaller team without a large budget just looking at mainly vertical displacement/sagittal needs—there are likely better fits.

Bertec

Bertec is one of the industry leaders in movement including gait analysis that’s more aimed at the research side of the equation. They offer a number of solutions that include treadmill systems, gait analysis options, and of course—force plates. Bertec is known more for its hardware than software as its equipment is not only high quality—but also highly durable for most athletic testing needs.

CONTEMPLAS

Based in Germany, CONTEMPLAS offers both hardware and software solutions. One key features is the ability to pair their software with other non-CONTEMPLAS force plate systems outside of the company’s hardware ecosystem. The integration of video to pair with the force plate analytics is an excellent feature that is a major value-add when going over assessments with clients. Thankfully, this doesn’t come with a ton of complexity as their whole setup is quite approachable and easy enough to get started with.

AMTI

Included in our last edition of this buyer’s guide, AMTI offers a quality product. However, their solution isn’t necessarily aimed at sport or your average coach looking to improve the training process with athletic populations. Instead, AMTI is more known for general human locomotive assessments. To this day, they still have a good reputation for their hardware quality and some sports teams do use them.

Two Parting Shots

Understand limitations: While force plates can be highly useful, coaches need to recognize their limitations. Because they are comparatively small in total size, the forces measured on most systems are largely concentric-dominant and look at raw force production. However, in sport, most movements executed at velocity are more elastic and eccentric-dominant. Thus, the exact numbers we get from a force plate shouldn’t be taken as a direct measure of the forces an athlete encounters in sport.

Of all the technology worth potentially integrating, force plates grade out very high high as they can create genuinely actionable insights, says @RewireHP. Share on X

Again, that doesn’t mean they aren’t useful, as force plates represent a phenomenal value-add for coaches. Even if some of the forces measured by most systems aren’t a full stand-in for those encountered in sport, they can be taken as a proxy and are highly useful at measuring:

  • How well athletes produce force in decelerating actions.
  • How well they get off the ground and their movement strategies for doing so.
  • Left to right differentials that may forecast injuries and inform rehab.
  • Lower body power.

Buying with these factors in mind can help set expectations for what you can get out of your system.

Understand Integrations: If you keep in mind the aforementioned considerations when buying, you should be in pretty good shape to evaluate which system may be right for you. The biggest thing to ask yourself before investing in force plates is: are you open to making actionable changes to your training process based on the information provided?

If you are—and be honest with yourself, because many coaches operating without force plates are creating good, reliable outcomes—then that’s the first step. The next is defining what specifically you’re looking to measure. After that, tech specs and price range are likely the final determinants.

Of all the technology worth potentially integrating, force plates grade out very high high as they can create genuinely actionable insights. Just don’t get lost in investing in them as a perceived value-add in the eyes of clients or management rather than something that truly can help guide your training.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


Croc Show Dan Mullins

Managing Your Social Media: The Croc Show Featuring Dan Mullins

Blog, Podcast| ByElton Crochran

Croc Show Dan Mullins

“It’s 2024. Our kids know how many followers I have.”

Despite the prevalence of social media, for coaches, athletes, and sports programs it remains subject to a hazy tangle of written, loosely written, and unwritten rules and best practices. Coach Dan Mullins, Director of Athletic Performance at Allatoona High School in Acworth, Georgia, joins Coach Croc for a focused discussion on the benefits, misconceptions, and downsides of social media for coaches.

“I knew as a young guy in high school strength and conditioning, 99% of the time I’m going to be the only guy in the building who loves what I do as much as I do,” Mullins says. “So, the only way to get outside of that and learn is to network with people.”

While tackling common uses for personal brand building, forging professional connections with peers and potential future employers, and demonstrating competence and credibility, Mullins and Croc also dive deeper into the importance of social media within an athlete program as a whole.

“Our kids see what the program is putting out on social media, and especially in states like mine where people can transfer and don’t even have to move—they can just head on over there and play football—then our kids can see us doing some really cool stuff, they can see how active we are with our GPS, with all of the data we use,” Mullins says, describing the importance of social media both for buy-in as well as retention in an era of unscrupulous recruiting and routine player movement. “I’m just trying to keep the kids we’ve got. Because we’ve got some coaches in our state that aren’t afraid to DM a kid and say ‘look how many offers our kids are getting, come on over here.’”

I knew as a young guy in high school S&C, 99% of the time I’m going to be the only guy in the building who loves what I do as much as I do. And the only way to get outside of that and learn is to network, says @CoachDMullins. Share on X

With that interaction between players and coaches playing out on social media day-in and day-out, throughout all the phases of the year, Coach Croc also poses the important question: Should you follow your athletes on social media?

“Know the platform you’re working with and know what the athlete is using that platform for. Especially for football, the average high school athlete is going to use Snapchat and Instagram very differently from Twitter,” Mullins explains. “Twitter is for recruiting. We talk about social media, we talk about what your Twitter should look like. Whether it’s your bio or everything that you like and retweet, that’s an application for college. So, if you want to play college football or want to play college basketball or go beyond in whatever, they’re going to go to your Twitter because it’s got your HUDL, it’s got your stats, it’s got your NCAA ID number. So, you have to be mindful of what you are doing.”

Twitter is for recruiting. We talk about social media, we talk about what your Twitter should look like. Whether it’s your bio or everything that you like and retweet, that’s an application for college, says @CoachDMullins. Share on X


Video 1. Full episode of The Croc Show featuring Coach Dan Mullins.

Since you’re here…
…we have a small favor to ask. More people are reading SimpliFaster than ever, and each week we bring you compelling content from coaches, sport scientists, and physiotherapists who are devoted to building better athletes. Please take a moment to share the articles on social media, engage the authors with questions and comments below, and link to articles when appropriate if you have a blog or participate on forums of related topics. — SF


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